Benutzer:Shi Annan/Ibn al-Ash’ath
aus Wikipedia, der freien encyclopedia
Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn al-Ashʿath (ʿAbd ar-Rahmān ibn Muhammad Ibn al-Aschʿath, bekannt als Ibn al-Ashʿath; arabisch عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن الأشعث, DMG ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Ashʿath; gest. 704) after seinem Großvater Al-Ash'ath ibn Qays,[1] war ein prominenter arabischer Adliger und Militärkommandant während der Zeit des Umayyaden-Kalifats. Er wurde bekannt, weil er 700–703 eine erfolglose Rebellion gegen den Umayyaden-Statthalter des Ostens, al-Haddschādsch ibn Yūsuf (al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf), anführte.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/UnderCon_icon.svg/32px-UnderCon_icon.svg.png)
- Der Text kann teilweise in einer Fremdsprache verfasst, unvollständig sein oder noch ungeprüfte Aussagen enthalten.
- Wenn du Fragen zum Thema hast, nimm am besten Kontakt mit dem Autor Shi Annan auf.
- Bitte denke daran, die Angaben im Artikel durch geeignete Quellen zu belegen und zu prüfen, ob er auch anderweitig den Richtlinien der Wikipedia entspricht (siehe Wikipedia:Artikel).
- Nach erfolgter Übersetzung kannst du diese Vorlage entfernen und den Artikel in den Artikelnamensraum verschieben. Die entstehende Weiterleitung kannst du schnelllöschen lassen.
- Importe inaktiver Accounts, die länger als drei Monate völlig unbearbeitet sind, werden gelöscht.
Ibn al-Ash'ath war ein scion of a noble family of the Kinda tribe that had settled in the Arab garrison town of Kufa in Iraq. He played a minor role in the Second Fitna (680–692) and then served as governor of Rayy. After the appointment of al-Haddschādsch as governor of Iraq and the eastern provinces of the Caliphate in 694, relations between al-Hajjaj and the Iraqi tribal nobility quickly became strained, as the policies of the Syria-based Umayyad regime aimed to reduce the Iraqis' privileges and status. Nevertheless, in 699, al-Haddschādsch appointed Ibn al-Ash'ath as commander of a huge Iraqi army, the so-called 'Peacock Army', to subdue the troublesome principality of Zabulistan, whose ruler, the Zunbil, vigorously resisted Arab expansion. 700 al-Haddschādschs overbearing behaviour caused Ibn al-Ash'ath and the army to revolt. After patching up an agreement with the Zunbil, the army marched back to Iraq. On the way, the mutiny against al-Hajjaj developed into a full-fledged anti-Umayyad rebellion and acquired religious overtones.
al-Haddschādsch initially retreated before the rebels superior numbers, but quickly defeated and drove them out of Basra. Nevertheless, the rebels seized Kufa, where supporters started flocking. The revolt gained widespread support among those who were discontented with the Umayyad regime, especially the religious zealots known as „Qurra“ ('Quran readers'). Caliph Abd al-Malik tried to negotiate terms, including the dismissal of al-Hajjaj, but the hardliners among the rebel leadership pressured Ibn al-Ash'ath into rejecting the Caliph's terms. In the subsequent Battle of Dayr al-Jamajim, the rebel army was decisively defeated by al-Haddschādschs Syrian troops. al-Haddschādsch pursued the survivors, who under Ibn al-Ash'ath fled east. Most of the rebels were captured by the governor of Khurasan, while Ibn al-Ash'ath himself fled to Zabulistan. His fate is unclear, as some accounts hold that the Zunbil executed him after al-Haddschādsch demanded his surrender, while most sources claim that he committed suicide to avoid being handed over to his enemies.
The suppression of Ibn al-Ash'ath's revolt signalled the end of the power of the tribal nobility of Iraq, which henceforth came under the direct control of the Umayyad regime's staunchly loyal Syrian troops. Later revolts, under Yazid ibn al-Muhallab in 720 and Zayd ibn Ali in 740, also failed, and it was not until the success of the Abbasid Revolution that the Syrian dominance of Iraq was broken.