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STS-300 is the current designation used by NASA to denote any Space Shuttle rescue mission launched on a short notice to the International Space Station, if Mission Control deems that the heat shielding tiles and reinforced carbon-carbon (RCC) panels of a currently flying orbiter are damaged beyond the normal repair methods.
The planning and training processes for STS-300 will allow NASA to launch a rescue attempt within a period of 40 days. During that time the damaged (or disabled) shuttle's crew would have to take refuge on the International Space Station. Currently, no plans are in place to repair an orbiter heat shield in space. The damaged shuttle would be abandoned and allowed to burn up upon reentry.
To save weight, and to allow the combined crews of both shuttles to return to Earth safely, many shortcuts would have to be made, and the risks of launching another orbiter would have to be faced.
If it had been called upon for the STS-114 mission, the Space Shuttle Atlantis would have flown STS-300.