Kyros-cylinderen

Kyroscylinderen (persisk: منشور کوروش) er en gammel lercylinder, nu brudt i flere stykker, på hvilken der er skrevet en erklæring med akkadisk kileskrift^[1] i den achaemenidiske konge Kyros den Stores navn.^[2] Den stammer fra det 6. århundrede f.Kr. og blev opdaget i 1879 i ruinerne af Babylon i Mesopotamien (det nuværende Irak).^[1] Den ejes i øjeblikket af British Museum, som finansierede ekspeditionen, der opdagede cylinderen. Den blev lavet og brugt som foundation deposit efter den persiske erobring af Babylon i 539 f.Kr., hvor det Neo-Babylonske Rige blev invaderet af Kyros og indlemmet i det Persiske Rige.

Kyros-cylinderen, forside.

Linjer 15-21 fra cylinderen.

Teksten på cylinderen priser Kyros, remser hans forfædre op, og fremstiller ham som en konge fra en lang linje af konger. Den babylonske konge Nabonidus, der blev besejret og afsat af Kyros, beskrives som en ugudelig undertrykker af det babylonske folk, og hans ringe herkomst fremhæves i kontrast til Kyros' kongelige oprindelse. Den sejrende Kyros beskrives som udvalgt af babyloniernes øverste gud Marduk til at genoprette lov og orden hos babylonierne. Teksten fastslår, at Kyros blev hilst velkommen af folk i Babylon som deres nye hersker og gik ind i byen i fred. Den beder Marduk om at beskytte Kyros og hans søn Kambyses 2. Kyros fremhæves om en velgører for indbyggerne i Babylonien, der har forbedret deres tilværelse, tilgivet landsforviste og restaureret templer og helligdomme i hele Mesopotamien og andre dele af riget. Den afsluttes med en beskrivelse af, hvordan Kyros reparerede byens mure og fandt en lignende inskription placeret dér af en tidligere konge.^[2]

Kilder/referencer

1. Dandamayev, (2010-01-26)
2. Kuhrt (2007), p. 70, 72

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Medieartikler

• "Royal Asiatic Society". The Times. 18. november 1879.
• "A Monument of Cyrus the Great". The Oriental Journal. London. januar 1880.
• Housego, David (1971-10-15). "Pique and peacocks in Persepolis". The Times.
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• "Iran demands $300,000 from British Museum over Cyrus Cylinder delay". The Times. 2010-04-20. Arkiveret fra originalen 13. februar 2021. Hentet 4. december 2012. Iran is demanding that the British Museum pay $300,000 (£197,000) after it refused to hand over the Cyrus Cylinder — a cuneiform tablet regarded as the first declaration of human rights.
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Andre kilder

• "British Museum Highlights web page". Hentet 2010-06-08.
• "British Museum collection database web page, with full translation of the Cylinder's text". Hentet 2010-06-19.
• Nayeri, F. (2010-01-11). "British Museum Postpones Sending Artifact to Iran". Hentet 2010-06-25. 'The agreement has been made with our colleagues in Iran that we'll postpone the loan to investigate this exciting discovery with them,' said Hannah Boulton, head of press and marketing at the British Museum. 'That's the reason for the postponement.' [...] Boulton said the latest postponement had no link to recent events.
• The Cyrus Cylinder. British Museum. 1979. s. Inscription in room 55. For almost 100 years the Cylinder was regarded as ancient Mesopotamian propaganda. This changed in 1971 when the Shah of Iran used it as a central image in his own propaganda celebrating 2500 years of Iranian monarchy. In Iran, the Cylinder has appeared on coins, banknotes and stamps. Despite being a Babylonian document it has become part of Iran's cultural identity.
• The British Museum (2010-01-20). "Statements regarding the Cyrus Cylinder". British Museum. Hentet 2010-06-01.
• "Note to Correspondents no. 3699" (PDF). United Nations. 1971-10-13. Hentet 2010-06-08.
• Lendering, Jona (2007-01-28). "The Cyrus Cylinder". livius.org. Arkiveret fra originalen 24. februar 2007. Hentet 2008-07-30.
• Dandamaev, M.A. (2010-01-26). "Cyrus II The Great". Encyclopædia Iranica. Hentet 2010-06-08.
• Dandamaev, M.A. (2010-01-26). "The Cyrus Cylinder". Encyclopædia Iranica. Hentet 2010-09-13.
• "United Nations Press Release SG/SM/1553/HQ263" (PDF). 1971-10-14. Hentet 2010-06-08.
• "Gift of Iran to the United Nations". United Nations. Hentet 2010-06-10.
• "The First Global Statement of the Inherent Dignity and Equality" (PDF). United Nations. Arkiveret fra originalen (PDF) 15. maj 2019. Hentet 2010-05-15.