the Medes (Iranians of what is now north-west Iran).." EIEC (১৯৯৭:30). B) "Archaeological evidence for the religion of the Iranian-speaking Medes of the
multinational state under the leadership of the Persians; among these peoples the Medes, Iranian sister nation of the Persians, held a special position. Farr,
পৃষ্ঠা 73। আইএসবিএন 9780521707091। F. Mirwaisi, Hamma (২০১০)। Return of the Medes: An Analysis of Iranian History। Wheatmark। পৃষ্ঠা 123। আইএসবিএন 9781604944495।
সিন্ধু সভ্যতা 2200–1800 BC Oxus civilization 2100–1800 BC Aryans 1700–700 BC Medes 728–550 BC হাখমানেশী 550–330 BC Seleucids 330–150 BC মৌর্য 305–180 BC Greco-Bactrians