ভারতীয় উপমহাদেশে বৌদ্ধ, জৈন এবং হিন্দু ধর্মের উত্থানের সাথে হিন্দু সাম্রাজ্যগুলোরও আবির্ভাব ঘটে। সমুদ্রগুপ্তের অধীনে গুপ্ত সাম্রাজ্যের সময়কে কখনও কখনও ভারতের স্বর্ণযুগ হিসাবেও আখ্যায়িত করা হয়।[১]
 | এই নিবন্ধটি ইংরেজি থেকে বাংলায় অনুবাদ করা প্রয়োজন। এই নিবন্ধটি ইংরেজি ভাষায় লেখা হয়েছে। নিবন্ধটি যদি ইংরেজি ভাষার ব্যবহারকারীদের উদ্দেশ্যে লেখা হয়ে থাকে তবে, অনুগ্রহ করে নিবন্ধটি ঐ নির্দিষ্ট ভাষার উইকিপিডিয়াতে তৈরি করুন। অন্যান্য ভাষার উইকিপিডিয়ার তালিকা দেখুন এখানে। এই নিবন্ধটি পড়ার জন্য আপনি গুগল অনুবাদ ব্যবহার করতে পারেন। কিন্তু এ ধরনের স্বয়ংক্রিয় সরঞ্জাম দ্বারা অনুবাদকৃত লেখা উইকিপিডিয়াতে সংযোজন করবেন না, কারণ সাধারণত এই সরঞ্জামগুলোর অনুবাদ মানসম্পন্ন হয় না। |
তালিকা
নিম্নোক্ত তালিকায় হিন্দু সাম্রাজ্য এবং রাজবংশগুলি কালানুক্রমিক ক্রমে গণনা করা হয়েছে।
| সাম্রাজ্য | প্রতিষ্ঠিত | অচল | রাজধানী | ভাষা | আজ যার অংশ | ম্যাপ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| গোপাল রাজবংশ | 1400 BCE | 841 BCE | পশুপতিনাথ মন্দির, গোশালা, কাঠমান্ডু | সংস্কৃত |  নেপাল |
||
| পুণ্ড্রবর্ধন সাম্রাজ্য | 1280 BCE | 345 BCE | মহাস্থানগড় | পালি, সংস্কৃত |  বাংলাদেশ ভারত |
 | |
| কুরু রাজ্য | 1200 BCE | 345 BCE | Āsandīvat, Hastinapura, Indraprastha | সংস্কৃত | ভারত |
||
| অঙ্গ রাজ্য | 1100 BCE | 525 BCE | Champa | Prakrit, সংস্কৃত | ভারত |
||
| বিদর্ভ রাজ্য | 1100 BCE | 500 BCE | Kaundinyapur | সংস্কৃত | India |
||
| খাসাস রাজ্য | 1100 BCE | 500 BCE | Kedarnath ('Kedare-Khasa-Mandale') | Sanskrit, Prakrit, Khas language | Nepal India |
||
| পাঞ্চাল রাজ্য | 1100 BCE | 350 CE | Ahichatra, Kampila | Sanskrit | India Nepal |
||
| মহিষাপাল রাজবংশ | 841 BCE | 679 BCE | Kathmandu | Sanskrit | Nepal India |
||
| গান্ধার রাজ্য | 800 BCE | 535 BCE | Puṣkalavati, Taxila, Purushapura | Sanskrit |  Afghanistan Pakistan |
 | |
| Kirata Kingdom | 700 BCE | 300 CE | Yalung, Thankot | Kiranti languages, Sanskrit, Pali Prakrit | Nepal Tibet Bhutan China Pakistan |
||
| Kingdom of Kosala | 700 BCE | 345 BCE | Shravasti, Ayodhya | Sanskrit | India Nepal |
||
| Vajjika League | c. 6th century BCE | c. 468 BCE | Vaishali | Sanskrit | India Nepal |
||
| Malla | Kusinārā, Pāvā | আনু. 7th century | আনু. 4th century BCE | Prakrit | India Nepal |
||
| Matsya Kingdom | 700 BCE | 345 BCE | ViratNagar | Sanskrit | India |
||
| Surasena Kingdom | 700 BCE | 345 BCE | Mathura | Sanskrit | India |
||
| Avanti Kingdom | 700 BCE | 300 BCE | Ujjayini | Sanskrit | India |
||
| Asmaka Kingdom | 700 BCE | 300 BCE | Potali | Sanskrit | India |
||
| Kingdom of Vatsa | 700 BCE | 345 BCE | Kauśāmbī | Sanskrit | India |
||
| Shakya | 700 BCE | 345 BCE | Kapilavastu Tilaurakot, Nepal | Sanskrit, Pali | Nepal India |
||
| Kingdom of Kashi | 700 BCE | 345 BCE | Banaras | Sanskrit | India |
||
| Chedi Kingdom | 700 BCE | 345 BCE | Suktimati | Sanskrit | India |
||
| Heheya Kingdom | Mahishmati | Sanskrit | India |
||||
| Pradyota dynasty | 682 BCE | 544 BCE | Rajagriha | Prakrit, Sanskrit | India Nepal |
||
| Haryanka Dynasty | 554 BCE | 413 BCE | Rajagriha, Pataliputra | Prakrit, Sanskrit | India Nepal |
.png) | |
| Kingdom of Tambapanni | 543 BCE | 505 BCE | Tambapanni | Sinhalese, Sanskrit |  Sri Lanka |
||
| Kingdom of Upatissa Nuwara | 505 BCE | 377 BCE | Upatissa Nuwara | Sinhalese, Sanskrit | Sri Lanka |
||
| Ror dynasty | 450 BCE | 489 CE | Rori | Sanskrit | Pakistan |
||
| Shishunaga Empire | 413 BCE | 345 BCE | Rajgir, Vaishali, Pataliputra | Prakrit, Sanskrit | India Nepal |
||
| Paurava dynasty[২] | 400 BCE | 301 BCE | Punjab | Sanskrit | India Pakistan | ||
| Anuradhapura Kingdom | 377 BCE | 1017 | Anuradhapura | Sinhalese, Tamil, Sanskrit | Sri Lanka |
 | |
| Malava Empire | 350 BCE | 650 CE | Vidisha | Sanskrit | India |
||
| Nanda Empire | 345 BCE | 322 BCE | Pataliputra | Magadhi Prakrit, Sanskrit | India Bangladesh Nepal Pakistan |
 | |
| মৌর্য সাম্রাজ্য | 322 BCE | 184 BCE | Pataliputra | Magadhi Prakrit, Sanskrit | ভারত
|
 | |
| Chera Dynasty | 300 BCE | 1102 CE | Karur, Kodungallur, Kollam | Sanskrit, Tamil | India |
||
| চোল সাম্রাজ্য | 300 BCE | 1279 CE | Thanjavur, Gangaikonda Cholapuram, Pazhaiyaarai | Sanskrit, Tamil | India Sri Lanka |
||
| Pandyan Empire | 300 BCE | 1345 CE | Korkai, Madurai, Tirunelveli, Vizhinjam | Tamil, Sanskrit | India Sri Lanka |
.png) | |
| গঙ্গাঋদ্ধি | 300 BCE | 200 CE | - | - | Bangladesh Bhutan India |
 | |
| Mahameghavahana dynasty | 225 BCE | 300 CE | Kalinga | Sanskrit | India |
||
| Kuninda Kingdom | 2nd century BCE | 3rd century CE | southern areas of modern Himachal Pradesh | Prakrit, Sanskrit | India |
||
| Shunga Empire | 185 BCE | 75 BCE | Pataliputra, Vidisha | Prakrit, Sanskrit | India Bangladesh Nepal Bhutan |
 | |
| Kingdom of Samatata | 180 BCE | 335 | - | - | Bangladesh India |
||
| Deva Dynasty of Saketa | 150 BCE | 10 BCE | Ayodhya | Sanskrit | India |
||
| সাতবাহন সাম্রাজ্য | 100 BCE | 225 CE | Pratishthana, Amaravati | Prakrit, Sanskrit | India |
 | |
| Kanva Dynasty | 75 BCE | 30 BCE | Pataliputra or Vidisha | Sanskrit | India |
||
| Northern Satrap Dynasty | 60 BCE | 150 CE | Sagala, Mathura | Prakrit, Sanskrit | India Pakistan |
 | |
| Chutu dynasty | 30 BCE | 280 CE | Banavasi | Prakrit | India | ||
| Suren Kingdom | 19 CE | 225 CE | Taxila, Kabul | Pali, Parthian, Sanskrit, Greek | Afghanistan পাকিস্তান
|
 | |
| Kshaharata Empire | 35 CE | 405 CE | Ujjain, Barygaza | Pali, Prakrit, Sanskrit | India Pakistan |
 | |
| Funan Empire | 50 CE | 550 CE | Vyadhapura | Khmer, Sanskrit |  Laos Cambodia Thailand Vietnam Myanmar |
 | |
| Nagvanshi Dynasty | 64 CE | 1952 CE | Khukhragarh, Navratangarh | Prakrit, Nagpuri | India |
||
| Parataraja Kingdom | 125 CE | 300 CE | Balochistan | Pali, Prakrit, Sanskrit, Scythian | Pakistan Afghanistan |
||
| Salakanagara Kingdom | 130 CE | 362 CE | - | Sanskrit |  Indonesia |
||
| Langkasuka Kingdom | 150 CE | 1475 CE | - | Malay |  Malaysia Thailand |
||
| Kingdom of Gangga Negara | 150 CE | 1025 CE | Beruas | Malay | Malaysia |
||
| Kingdom of Champa | 192 CE | 1832 CE | Indrapura, Vijaya, Panduranga | Chamic languages, Sanskrit | Vietnam Laos Cambodia |
 | |
| Andhra Ikshvaku Dynasty | 200 CE | 275 CE | - | Prakrit, Sanskrit, Tamil | India |
||
| Abhira dynasty | 203 CE | 370 CE | Anjaneri, Thalner, Prakashe, Bhamer, Asirgarh | Ahirani, | India |
||
| Bharashiva Dynasty | 205 CE | 335 CE | Padmavati | Prakrit, Sanskrit | India |
||
| Soma Dynasty | 205 CE | 305 CE | Kathmandu | Sanskrit | Nepal |
||
| গুপ্ত সাম্রাজ্য | 240 CE | 550 CE | Pataliputra | Prakrit, Sanskrit | India Bangladesh Pakistan Nepal Afghanistan |
 | |
| Kalabhra Empire | 250 CE | 600 CE | Kaveripumpattinam, Madurai | Prakrit, | India |
 | |
| Paurava Dynasty (reinstated)[৩] | আনু. 4th century CE | আনু. 7th century CE | Brahmapur | Sanskrit | India |
||
| পল্লব সাম্রাজ্য | 275 CE | 897 CE | Kanchipuram | Tamil, Prakrit, Sanskrit | India |
 | |
| Licchavi dynasty | 305 CE | 1200 CE | Kathmandu | Bajjika, Sanskrit | Nepal India Bhutan |
||
| Kataha | 330 CE | 1136 CE | Kataha | Old Malay, Sanskrit | Malaysia |
||
| Kadamba Empire | 345 CE | 525 CE | Banavasi | Kannada, Sanskrit | India |
 | |
| Aulikara Dynasty | 350 CE | 550 CE | Mandsaur | Sanskrit | India |
||
| Western Ganga Dynasty | 350 CE | 575 CE | Talakadu, Kolar | Kannada, Sanskrit | India |
 | |
| কামরূপ রাজ্য | 350 CE | 1140 CE | Pragjyotishpura, Haruppeswara, Durjaya | Assamese, Prakrit, Sanskrit | India Bhutan Bangladesh Myanmar |
 | |
| Tarumanagara Kingdom | 358 CE | 669 CE | Sundapura | Sundanese, Sanskrit | Indonesia |
 | |
| Kutai Martadipura | 399 CE | 1635 CE | Muara Kaman | Sanskrit, probably old version of Kutainese language | Indonesia |
||
| Vishnukundina Dynasty | 420 CE | 624 CE | Nalgonda, Eluru, Amaravati | Sanskrit, Prakrit | India |
||
| Sharabhapuriya Dynasty | 465 CE | 590 CE | Sharabhapura | Sanskrit | India |
||
| Maitraka Dynasty | 475 CE | 776 CE | Vallabhi | Apabhramsa, Prakrit, Sanskrit, Sauraseni | India |
||
| Pushyabhuti Dynasty | 500 | 647 | Sthanvishvara, Kanyakubja | Sanskrit | India Bangladesh Nepal Bhutan Pakistan |
 | |
| Nala Kingdom | 515 | 585 | Pushkari | Sanskrit | India |
||
| Rai Dynasty | 524 | 632 | Aror | Sanskrit | Pakistan |
||
| চালুক্য সাম্রাজ্য | 543 | 753 | Badami | Kannada, Sanskrit | India |
 | |
| Kalachuri Dynasty | 550 | 620 | Mahishmati | Sanskrit | India |
||
| Chenla Empire | 550 | 802 | Shrestapura, Bhavapura, Isanapura, Shambhupura | Khmer, Sanskrit | Cambodia Thailand Laos Vietnam |
 | |
| Chahamana Dynasty | 550 | 1194 | Shakambhari | Prakrit, Sanskrit | India |
||
| Maukhari Dynasty | 550 | 800 | Kannauj | Sanskrit | India |
||
| Kalingga Kingdom | 550 | 650 | - | Old Javanese, Sanskrit | Indonesia |
 | |
| Gauda Kingdom | 590 | 626 | Karnasuvarna | - | India Bangladesh |
||
| Panduvamshi Dynasty | 600 | 790 | Shripura | Sanskrit | India |
||
| Eastern Chalukya Empire | 624 | 1189 | Vengi, Rajahmundry | Sanskrit, Telugu | India |
||
| Karkota Empire | 625 | 885 | Srinagar, Parihaspore | Sanskrit | India Pakistan Afghanistan Bangladesh |
.jpg) | |
| Brahman Dynasty of Sindh | 632 | 724 | - | Sanskrit | ভারত
|
 | |
| Srivijaya Empire | 650 | 1377 | Palembang, Chaiya, Jambi | Old Malay, Sanskrit | Indonesia Malaysia Singapore Thailand Cambodia Philippines Vietnam Brunei Taiwan |
 | |
| Shailendra Dynasty | 650 | 1025 | Kedu Plain | Old Javanese, Sanskrit | Indonesia |
||
| Galuh Kingdom | 669 | 1482 | Kawali | Sundanese, Sanskrit | Indonesia |
 | |
| Sunda Kingdom | 669 | 1579 | Kawali, Pakuan Pajajaran | Sundanese, Sanskrit | Indonesia |
 | |
| Kalachuri Tripuri Dynasty | 675 | 1212 | Tripuri | Prakrit, Sanskrit | India |
||
| Garhwal Kingdom | 688 CE | 1949 CE | Srinagar, Uttarakhand Tehri Narendranagar |
Garhwali, Jaunsari, Sanskrit | India |
 | |
| Chavda Dynasty | 690 | 942 | Panchasar, Aṇahilaváḍa | Prakrit | India |
||
| Mallabhum Kingdom | 694 | 1800 | Laugram, Pradyumnapur, Bishnupur | Sanskrit, Prakrit | India Bangladesh |
||
| Katyuri kings (Karttikeyapur) | 700 CE | 1065 CE | Joshimath later shifted to Baijnath, Uttarakhand | Khas, Sanskrit, Prakrit | India Nepal |
||
| Chand kings | 700 CE | 1790 CE | Champawat | Kumaoni, Dotyali, Nepali | India Nepal Tibet |
 | |
| Limbuwan | 7th Century CE | 1774 | Morang, Bijaypur | Limbu, Lepcha | Nepal India Bhutan |
 | |
| Gurjara-Pratihara Dynasty | 730 | 1036 | Kannauj | Prakrit, Sanskrit | India Nepal
| ||
| Mataram Kingdom | 732 | 1006 | Mamratipura | Old Javanese, Sanskrit | Indonesia |
 | |
| Saindhava Dynasty | 735 | 920 | Bhutamabilika | Prakrit, Sanskrit | India |
||
| Tomara Dynasty | 736 | 1151 | Delhi | Prakrit, Sanskrit | India |
||
| পাল সাম্রাজ্য | 750 | 1199 | Bikrampur, Pataliputra, Gauda, Monghyr, Somapura, Mahipal, Ramavati | Prakrit, Sanskrit | Bangladesh India Nepal Pakistan |
||
| Haripunjaya Kingdom | 750 | 1292 | Lamphun | Thai | Thailand |
 | |
| রাষ্ট্রকূট সাম্রাজ্য | 753 | 982 | Manyakheta | Kannada, Sanskrit | India |
 | |
| Khmer Empire | 802 | 1431 | Mahendraparvata, Hariharalaya, Koh Ker, Yasodharapura | Khmer, Sanskrit | Cambodia Laos Myanmar Thailand Vietnam |
 | |
| Chudasama Dynasty | 825 | 1472 | Vamanasthali, Junagadh | Old Gujarati, Prakrit | India |
||
| চোল সাম্রাজ্য | 848 | 1279 | Pazhaiyaarai, Thanjavur, Gangaikonda Cholapuram | Tamil, Sanskrit | India Bangladesh Sri Lanka Maldives Indonesia Singapore Malaysia Thailand Myanmar |
 |
|
| Somavamshi Dynasty | 850 | 1150 | Yayatinagara | Sanskrit | India |
||
| Yadava Dynasty | 850 | 1334 | Devagiri | Kannada, Marathi, Sanskrit | India |
||
| Utpala Dynasty | 855 | 1003 | Avantipur | Sanskrit | India Afghanistan Pakistan |
||
| Hindu Shahi Dynasty | 879 | 1026 | Kabul | Sanskrit | Pakistan Afghanistan India |
 | |
| Paramara Dynasty | 900 | 1305 | Dhar | Prakrit, Sanskrit | India |
||
| Bali Kingdom | 914 | 1908 | Bedulu, Samprangan, Gelgel, Klungkung | Kawi, Balinese | Indonesia |
 | |
| Pagan Empire | 940 | 1297 | Pagan | Burmese, Mon, Pyu | Myanmar |
 | |
| Khasa Malla kingdom | 954 | 1450 | Sinja Valley, Nepal | Khas, Sanskrit, Kumaoni, Dotyali | Nepal India Tibet |
 | |
| Western Chalukya Empire | 973 | 1189 | Manyakheta, Basavakalyan | Kannada, Sanskrit | India |
 | |
| Rajahnate of Butuan | 1001 | 1756 | Butuan | Butuanon, Old Malay | Philippines |
||
| Lohara Dynasty | 1003 | 1320 | Srinagar | Sanskrit | India Afghanistan Pakistan |
||
| Kingdom of Polonnaruwa | 1017 | 1310 | Polonnaruwa | Pali, Sanskrit | India |
||
| Kahuripan Kingdom | 1019 | 1045 | Kahuripan | Old Javanese, Sanskrit | Indonesia |
 | |
| Hoysala Empire | 1026 | 1343 | Halebidu, Belur | Kannada, Sanskrit | India |
 | |
| Janggala Kingdom | 1045 | 1136 | Hujung Galuh | Old Javanese, Sanskrit | Indonesia |
||
| Kediri Kingdom | 1045 | 1221 | Kadiri | Old Javanese, Sanskrit | Indonesia |
| |
| সেন সাম্রাজ্য | 1070 | 1230 | Nabadwip | Sanskrit | Bangladesh India |
||
| Eastern Ganga Empire | 1078 | 1434 | Dantapura, Kalinganagara, Kataka | Sanskrit | India |
||
| Gahadavala Dynasty | 1080 | 1194 | Varanasi, Kanyakubja | Sanskrit | India |
||
| Karnat Dynasty | 1097 | 1324 | Simraungadh | Maithili, Sanskrit | Nepal India |
||
| Chero dynasty | 12th CE | 18th CE | Bhojpuri, Nagpuri | India |
|||
| Sambhuvaraya Dynasty | 1150 | 1375 | Rajagambhiram, Padaveedu | Sanskrit, Tamil | India |
||
| Vanni Nadu Dynasty | 1150 | 1803 | Vanni | Tamil, Sanskrit | Sri Lanka |
||
| Deva Dynasty | 1156 | 1250 | Bikrampur | Bengali, Sanskrit | Bangladesh India |
||
| Kakatiya Dynasty | 1163 | 1323 | Orugallu | Sanskrit, Telugu | India |
||
| Khen Dynasty | 1185 | 1498 | Kamarupanagara, Kamatapura | Assamese, Kamtapuri | India Myanmar |
||
| Sutiya Kingdom | 1187 | 1673 | Swarnagiri, Ratnapur, Sadiya | Assamese, Sanskrit | India |
 | |
| Malla Dynasty | 1200 | 1768 | Bhaktapur, Kathmandu, Patan, Nepal | Newari, | Nepal |
||
| Doti Rainka kingdom | 13th century | 1790 | Dipayal Silgadhi, Nepal | Dotyali, Khas, Sanskrit, Kumaoni | Nepal India Tibet |
||
| Jaffna Kingdom | 1215 | 1624 | Nallur | Tamil, Sanskrit | Sri Lanka |
 | |
| Singhasari Kingdom | 1222 | 1292 | Tumapel | Old Javanese, Sanskrit | Indonesia |
 | |
| Ahom Kingdom | 1228 | 1826 | Charaideo, Garhgaon, Rangpur, Jorhat | Assamese, Tai-Ahom | India Myanmar |
 | |
| Sambhuvaraya Dynasty | 1236 | 1375 | Rajagambhiram, Padaveedu | Tamil, Sanskrit | India |
||
| Yajvapala Dynasty | 1237 | 1289 | Nalapura | - | India |
||
| Vaghela Dynasty | 1244 | 1304 | Dholka | Apabhramsa, Old Gujarati, Prakrit | India |
||
| Rajahnate of Cebu | 1250 | 1565 | Singhapala | Cebuano, Old Malay, Middle Tamil | Philippines |
 | |
| Majapahit Empire | 1293 | 1527 | Majapahit, Wilwatikta | Old Javanese, Sanskrit | Indonesia Malaysia Singapore Brunei Thailand Timor Leste Philippines Australia |
 | |
| Sena Dynasty (Nepal) | 13th Century CE | 18th Century CE | Makwanpurgadhi, Chaudandi, Palpa | Nepali, Maithili Language, Khas, Bengali, Sanskrit | Nepal India |
||
| Reddy Dynasty | 1325 | 1448 | Addanki, Kondavidu, Rajahmundry | Telugu, Sanskrit | India |
||
| Musunuri Nayakas | 1150 | 1369 | Warangal | Telugu, Sanskrit | India |
||
| বিজয়নগর সাম্রাজ্য | 1336 | 1646 | Vijayanagara, Penukonda, Chandragiri | Kannada, Sanskrit, Telugu | India |
 | |
| Oiniwar Dynasty | 1353 | 1526 | Madhubani | Maithili language | India |
||
| Kallala dynasty | 1404 | 1789 | Sinja Valley | Khas language, Nepali, Sanskrit | Nepal India |
||
| Gajapati Kingdom | 1434 | 1541 | Cuttack | Odia | India |
||
| Bhoi dynasty | 1541 | 1947 | Cuttack, Puri, Khurda | Odia | India |
||
| Koch Dynasty | 1515 | 1949 | Chikana, Kamatapur | Kamtapuri, Assamese, Bengali, Sanskrit | India |
 | |
| Madurai Nayak Dynasty | 1529 | 1736 | Madurai, Tiruchirapalli | Tamil, Sanskrit | India |
 | |
| Thanjavur Nayak Kingdom | 1532 | 1673 | Thanjavur | Tamil, Sanskrit | India |
 | |
| গোর্খা রাজ্য | 1559 | 1768 | Gorkha Darbar | Nepali | Nepal |
||
| Raj Darbhanga | 1577 | 1947 | Darbhanga | Maithili | India |
||
| Maratha Empire | 1674 | 1818 | Raigad, Gingee, Satara, Pune | Marathi, Sanskrit | India Pakistan |
 | |
| Pudukkottai Kingdom | 1680 | 1800 | Pudukkottai | Tamil, Sanskrit | India |
||
| Sivaganga Kingdom | 1725 | 1733 | Sivaganga | Tamil | India |
||
| Kingdom of Nepal | ১৮৬৮ | ২০০৮ | Kathmandu | Nepali, Sanskrit | Nepal India China Bangladesh |
 | |
| Dogra Dynasty | ১৮৪৬ | ১৯৫২ | Jammu | Dogri | India Pakistan China |
দ্রষ্টব্য: যে রাজ্যগুলি ব্রিটিশ সাম্রাজ্যের রাজকীয় রাজ্য হিসাবে কাজ করেছিল সে সময়কাল ছাড়া উল্লেখ করা হয়নি যখন তারা সার্বভৌম নিয়ন্ত্রণ প্রয়োগ করেছিল।
| এই নিবন্ধটি অসম্পূর্ণ। আপনি চাইলে এটিকে সম্প্রসারিত করে উইকিপিডিয়াকে সাহায্য করতে পারেন। |
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