Quick Facts आम लच्छन (जनरल प्रापर्टी), नाँव के उच्चारण ...
Gallium, 31Ga![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Gallium_crystals.jpg/220px-Gallium_crystals.jpg) |
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नाँव के उच्चारण | (GAL-ee-əm) |
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रूपरंग | silver-white |
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स्टैंडर्ड परमाणु वजन (Ar, standard) | 7001697230000000000♠69.723(1)[1] |
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परमाणु नंबर (Z) | 31 |
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ग्रुप | group 13 |
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पीरियड | 4 |
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ब्लॉक | p |
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इलेक्ट्रान कन्फिगरेशन | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 3 |
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फेज at STP | solid |
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पघिलाव ताप | 302.9146 K (29.7646 °C, 85.5763 °F) |
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उबाल ताप | 2673 K (2400 °C, 4352 °F)[2] |
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घनत्व (लगभग रू.टे.) | 5.91 g/cm3 |
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जब लिक्विड होखे ( प.ता.) | 6.095 g/cm3 |
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फ्यूजन के एन्थाल्पी | 5.59 kJ/mol |
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बास्पीकरण के एन्थाल्पी | 256 kJ/mol[2] |
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मोलर हीट कैपसिटी | 25.86 J/(mol·K) |
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भाप दाब
P (Pa) |
1 |
10 |
100 |
1 k |
10 k |
100 k |
at T (K) |
1310 |
1448 |
1620 |
1838 |
2125 |
2518 |
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ऑक्सीडेशन स्टेट | −5, −4, −2, −1, +1, +2, +3[3] (an amphoteric oxide) |
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इलेक्ट्रोनिगेटिविटी | Pauling scale: 1.81 |
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आयनाइजेशन एनर्जी | - 1st: 578.8 kJ/mol
- 2nd: 1979.3 kJ/mol
- 3rd: 2963 kJ/mol
- (more)
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एटॉमिक रेडियस | empirical: 135 pm |
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कोवैलेंट रेडियस | 122±3 pm |
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वान डर वाल्स रेडियस | 187 pm |
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क्रिस्टल स्ट्रक्चर | orthorhombic |
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Speed of sound thin rod | 2740 m/s (at 20 °C) |
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थर्मल ऍक्सपैंशन | 18 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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थर्मल कंडक्टिविटी | 40.6 W/(m·K) |
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इलेक्ट्रिकल रेजिस्टिविटी | 270 nΩ·m (at 20 °C) |
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चुंबकी क्रम | diamagnetic |
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यंग्स माड्युलस | 9.8 GPa |
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पोइसंस रेशियो | 0.47 |
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मोहो हार्डनेस | 1.5 |
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ब्रिनेल हार्डनेस | 56.8–68.7 MPa |
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सीएएस (CAS) नंबर | 7440-55-3 |
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नाँव धराइल | after Gallia (Latin for: France), homeland of the discoverer |
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प्रेडिक्ट भइल | Dmitri Mendeleev (1871) |
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खोज आ पहिला बिलगाव | Lecoq de Boisbaudran (1875) |
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Isotope |
Abundance |
Half-life (t1/2) |
Decay mode |
Product |
69Ga |
60.11% |
69Ga is stable with 38 neutrons |
71Ga |
39.89% |
71Ga is stable with 40 neutrons |
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ionization energy ref
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ionization energy comment
Numbered values make a list:
ionization energy
ionization energy 2
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More information Parameter list ...
Parameter list |
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{{Infobox element
|name=
|symbol=
|number=
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|image name=
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|spectral image=<!-- central data list -->
<!-- General properties -->
|pronounce=<!-- central data list -->
|alt name=
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|allotropes=
|appearance=
|standard atomic weight=<!-- central data list -->
<!-- Periodic table -->
|above=
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|left=
|right=
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|category color=
|group=
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|period=
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|block=
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|electron configuration=
|electron configuration ref=
|electron configuration comment=
|electrons per shell=
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|electrons per shell comment=
<!-- Physical properties -->
|physical properties comment=
|color=
|phase=
|phase ref=
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|melting point K=
|melting point C=
|melting point F=
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|boiling point K=
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|sublimation point K=
|sublimation point C=
|sublimation point F=
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|sublimation point comment=
|density gplstp=
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|density gplstp comment=
|density kgpm3stp=
|density kgpm3stp ref=
|density kgpm3stp comment=
|density gpcm3nrt=
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|density gpcm3nrt comment=
|density gpcm3nrt 2=
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|density gpcm3nrt 2 comment=
|density gpcm3nrt 3=
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|density gpcm3mp=
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|density gpcm3mp comment=
|density gpcm3bp=
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|density gpcm3bp comment=
|molar volume=
|molar volume unit =
|molar volume ref=
|molar volume comment=
|triple point K=
|triple point kPa=
|triple point ref=
|triple point comment=
|triple point K 2=
|triple point kPa 2=
|triple point 2 ref=
|triple point 2 comment=
|critical point K=
|critical point MPa=
|critical point ref=
|critical point comment=
|heat fusion=
|heat fusion ref=
|heat fusion comment=
|heat fusion 2=
|heat fusion 2 ref=
|heat fusion 2 comment=
|heat vaporization=
|heat vaporization ref=
|heat vaporization comment=
|heat capacity=
|heat capacity ref=
|heat capacity comment=
|heat capacity 2=
|heat capacity 2 ref=
|heat capacity 2 comment=
|vapor pressure 1=
|vapor pressure 10=
|vapor pressure 100=
|vapor pressure 1 k=
|vapor pressure 10 k=
|vapor pressure 100 k=
|vapor pressure ref=
|vapor pressure comment=
|vapor pressure 1 2=
|vapor pressure 10 2=
|vapor pressure 100 2=
|vapor pressure 1 k 2=
|vapor pressure 10 k 2=
|vapor pressure 100 k 2=
|vapor pressure 2 ref=
|vapor pressure 2 comment=
<!-- Atomic properties -->
|atomic properties comment=
|electronegativity=
|electronegativity ref=
|electronegativity comment=
|ionization energy 1=
|ionization energy 1 ref=
|ionization energy 1 comment=
|ionization energy 2=
|ionization energy 2 ref=
|ionization energy 2 comment=
|ionization energy 3=
|ionization energy 3 ref=
|ionization energy 3 comment=
|number of ionization energies=
|ionization energy ref=
|ionization energy comment=
|atomic radius=
|atomic radius ref=
|atomic radius comment=
|atomic radius calculated=
|atomic radius calculated ref=
|atomic radius calculated comment=
|covalent radius=
|covalent radius ref=
|covalent radius comment=
|Van der Waals radius=
|Van der Waals radius ref=
|Van der Waals radius comment=
<!-- Miscellanea -->
|crystal structure=
|crystal structure prefix=
|crystal structure ref=
|crystal structure comment=
|crystal structure 2=
|crystal structure 2 prefix=
|crystal structure 2 ref=
|crystal structure 2 comment=
|speed of sound=
|speed of sound ref=
|speed of sound comment=
|speed of sound rod at 20=
|speed of sound rod at 20 ref=
|speed of sound rod at 20 comment=
|speed of sound rod at r.t.=
|speed of sound rod at r.t. ref=
|speed of sound rod at r.t. comment=
|thermal expansion=
|thermal expansion ref=
|thermal expansion comment=
|thermal expansion at 25=
|thermal expansion at 25 ref=
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|thermal conductivity=
|thermal conductivity ref=
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|thermal conductivity 2=
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|thermal diffusivity=
|thermal diffusivity ref=
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|electrical resistivity=
|electrical resistivity unit prefix=
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|electrical resistivity comment=
|electrical resistivity at 0=
|electrical resistivity at 0 ref=
|electrical resistivity at 0 comment=
|electrical resistivity at 20=
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|band gap=
|band gap ref=
|band gap comment=
|Curie point K=
|Curie point ref=
|Curie point comment=
|magnetic ordering=
|magnetic ordering ref=
|magnetic ordering comment=
|tensile strength=
|tensile strength ref=
|tensile strength comment=
|Young's modulus=
|Young's modulus ref=
|Young's modulus comment=
|Shear modulus=
|Shear modulus ref=
|Shear modulus comment=
|Bulk modulus=
|Bulk modulus ref=
|Bulk modulus comment=
|Poisson ratio=
|Poisson ratio ref=
|Poisson ratio comment=
|Mohs hardness=
|Mohs hardness ref=
|Mohs hardness comment=
|Mohs hardness 2=
|Mohs hardness 2 ref=
|Mohs hardness 2 comment=
|Vickers hardness=
|Vickers hardness ref=
|Vickers hardness comment=
|Brinell hardness=
|Brinell hardness ref=
|Brinell hardness comment=
|CAS number=
|CAS number ref=
|CAS number comment=
<!-- History -->
|naming=
|predicted by=
|prediction date ref=
|prediction date=
|discovered by=
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|first isolation by=
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|discovery and first isolation by=
|named by=
|named date ref=
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|history comment label=
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<!-- Isotopes -->
|isotopes=
|isotopes ref=
|isotopes comment=
<!-- other -->
|engvar=
|QID=
}}
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{{[[टेम्पलेट:Infobox element|Infobox element]]}}; labels & notes:
(Image)
GENERAL PROPERTIES
Name
[[रासायनिक चीन्हा|Symbol]]
Pronunciation (data central)
Alternative name(s)
[[एलोट्रोपी|Allotropes]]
Appearance
<element> IN THE PERIODIC TABLE
[[पीरियॉडिक टेबल|Periodic table]]
[[परमाणु नंबर|Atomic number]]
[[परमाणु भार|Standard atomic weight]] (data central)
Element category (also header bg color)
(sets header bg color, over 'series='-color)
[[ग्रुप (पीरियॉडिक टेबल)|Group]]
[[पीरियड (पीरियॉडिक टेबल)|Period]]
[[ब्लाक (पीरियॉडिक टेबल)|Block]]
[[इलेक्ट्रान कन्फिगरेशन|Electron configuration]]
Electrons per shell
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
(general note)
Color
[[फेज (पदार्थ)|Phase]]
[[मेल्टिंग प्वाइंट|Melting point]]
[[ब्वायलिंग प्वाइंट|Boiling point]]
[[सब्लिमेशन प्वाइंट|Sublimation point]]
[[घनत्व|Density]] [g/L at s.t.p.]
[[घनत्व|Density]] [kg/m3 at s.t.p.]
Density [g/cm3 near room temperature]
[g/cm3 near r.t.], #2
[g/cm3 near r.t.], #3
Density (liquid, melting point) [g/cm3]
Density (liquid, boiling point) [g/cm3]
[[मोलर आयतन|Molar volume]]
Unit defaults to cm3/mol
otherwise set unit prefix=d for dm3/mol (gases)
[[ट्रिपल प्वाइंट|Triple point]]
[[क्रिटिकल प्वाइंट (थर्मोडायनामिक्स)|Critical point]]
[[फ्यूजन के एंथाल्पी|Heat of fusion]]
[[बाष्पीकरण के एंथाल्पी|Heat of vaporization]]
[[मोलर हीट कैपसिटी|Molar heat capacity]]
[[भापदाब|Vapor pressure]]
Vapor pressure
ATOMIC PROPERTIES
[[इलेक्ट्रोनिगेटिविटी|Electronegativity]]
[[आयोनाइजेशन एनर्जी|Ionization energy]]
[[परमाणु रेडियस|Atomic radius]]
[[कोवेलेंट रेडियस|Covalent radius]]
[[वान डर वाल्स रेडियस|Van der Waals radius]]
MISCELLANEA
[[क्रिस्टल स्ट्रक्चर|Crystal structure]]
Crystal structure
[[आवाज के गति|Speed of sound]]
Thermal expansion
[[थर्मल कंडक्टिविटी|Thermal conductivity]]
[[थर्मल डिफ्यूजिविटी|Thermal diffusivity]]
[[इलेक्ट्रिकल रेजिस्टिविटी आ कंडक्टिविटी|Electrical resistivity]]
[[बैंड गैप|Band gap]]
[[क्यूरी टेम्परेचर|Curie point]]
[[चुंबकत्व|Magnetic ordering]]
[[अल्टीमेट टेंसाइल स्ट्रेंथ|Tensile strength]]
[[यंग्स माड्यूलस|Young's modulus]]
[[शियर माड्यूलस|Shear modulus]]
[[बल्क माड्यूलस|Bulk modulus]]
Poisson ratio
Mohs hardness
Vickers hardness
Brinell hardness
CAS Number
HISTORY
Naming
Prediction
()
Discovery
()
First isolation
()
Discovery and first isolation (1 or 2 dates)
Named by
()
(History comment)
ISOTOPES OF <element>
Isotopes of <element>
([[:en:WP:ENGVAR|wp:engvar]])
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