Eudicots

An eudicots, Eudicotidae o eudicotyledons ang clade kan mga tanom na nagbuburak dating inaapod na tricolpates o non-magnoliid dicots ka ibang mga parasurat. An botanikal na termino ipinabisto kan 1991 kan ebolusyonaryong botanista na si James A. Doyle asin paleobotanist Carol L. Hotton para tawan doon an huring ebolusyonaryong pagkakaiba kan tricolpate dicots sa mga enot, dai pa espesyalisadong mga dicots.^[1] An haraning relasyon kan mga tanom na nagbuburak sa tricolpate pollen grains enot na nahiling sa morphological studies kan ibang karakter. An mga tanom na ini igwang distinktibong katangian sa saindang pollen grains, nagpapahiling nin tolong colpi o grooves paralleling sa polar axis^[2].

Eudicots Temporal range: Early Cretaceous - recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
An Primula hortensis sarong eudicot
Sayantipiko na klasipikasyon
Kahadean:	Plantae
Klado:	Angiosperms
Klado:	Eudicots
Clades (APG IV)
Basal eudicots: Buxales Proteales Ranunculales Trochodendrales Core eudicots: Clades Superasterids Superrosids Orders Berberidopsidales Caryophyllales Dilleniales Gunnerales Santalales Saxifragales

An pollen kan Arabis pollen igwa nin tolong colpi.

Dai naghaloy, an mga molecular na ebidensiya kinonpirma an genetic basis para sa mga ebolusyonaryong relasyon kan mga tanom na nagbuburak sa tricolpate pollen grains asin dicotyledonous traits. An termino nangangahulugan na "true dicotyledons", ta ini igwa nin mayoridad kan tanom na kinonsiderar na dicots asin igwang katangian kan mga dicots. An terminong "eudicots" sunod nang ginamit sa botany para magtukoy kan saro sa duwang pinakadulang clades kan angiosperm (nagbubuo kan halos 70% kan mga angiosperm species), monocots ang saro pa. An mga natatadang angiosperms kaayon an magnoliids o ang minsan na inaapod na basal angiosperms o paleodicots, pero ining mga termino na ini dai pa ginagamit, ta mayo ini nin monophyletic na grupo.

Subdibisyon

An eudicots pwedeng bangaon sa duwang grupo: an mga basal eudicots asin an mga core eudicots.^[3] Basal eudicot is an informal name for a paraphyletic group. The core eudicots are a monophyletic group.^[4] A 2010 study suggested the core eudicots can be divided into two clades, Gunnerales and a clade called Pentapetalae, comprising all the remaining core eudicots.^[5]

An Pentapetalae pwedeng pagsuruwayon sa tolong clades:

• Dilleniales
• superrosids binubo kan Saxifragales asin rosids (the APG IV system includes the Vitales in the rosids)
• superasterids binubuo kan Santalales, Berberidopsidales, Caryophyllales asin asterids

An dibisyon kan eudicots pinapahiling sa masunod na cladogram:^[6]

eudicots	basal eudicots (paraphyletic group: Ranunculales, Proteales, Trochodendrales, Buxales) core eudicots Gunnerales Pentapetalae Dilleniales superrosids Saxifragales rosids Vitales eurosids fabids (8 orders) malvids (8 orders) superasterids Santalales Berberidopsidales Caryophyllales asterids Cornales Ericales euasterids campanulids (7 orders) lamiids (8 orders)

---

An minasunod mas detalyadong pagsusog base sa APG IV, pinapahiling sa kada clade asin order.^[7]

• clade Eudicots

  order Ranunculales

  order Proteales

  order Trochodendrales

  order Buxales

  clade Core eudicots

  order Gunnerales

  order Dilleniales

  clade Superrosids

  order Saxifragales

  clade Rosids

  order Vitales

  clade Fabids

  order Fabales

  order Rosales

  order Fagales

  order Cucurbitales

  order Oxalidales

  order Malpighiales

  order Celastrales

  order Zygophyllales

  clade Malvids

  order Geraniales

  order Myrtales

  order Crossosomatales

  order Picramniales

  order Malvales

  order Brassicales

  order Huerteales

  order Sapindales

  clade Superasterids

  order Berberidopsidales

  order Santalales

  order Caryophyllales

  clade Asterids

  order Cornales

  order Ericales

  clade Campanulids

  order Aquifoliales

  order Asterales

  order Escalloniales

  order Bruniales

  order Apiales

  order Dipsacales

  order Paracryphiales

  clade Lamiids

  order Solanales

  order Lamiales

  order Vahliales

  order Gentianales

  order Boraginales

  order Garryales

  order Metteniusales

  order Icacinales

Toltolan

1. Endress, Peter K. (2002). "Morphology and Angiosperm Systematics in the Molecular Era". Botanical Review. Structural Botany in Systematics: A Symposium in Memory of William C. Dickison 68 (4): 545–570. doi:10.1663/0006-8101(2002)068[0545:maasit]2.0.co;2. http://doc.rero.ch/record/313995/files/12229_2008_Article_684545.pdf.
2. Coiro, Mario; Doyle, James A.; Hilton, Jason (2019-01-25). "How deep is the conflict between molecular and fossil evidence on the age of angiosperms?" (in en). New Phytologist. doi:10.1111/nph.15708. PMID 30681148.
3. Worberg, A; Quandt, D; Barniske, A-M; Löhne, C; Hilu, KW; Borsch, T (2007). "Phylogeny of basal eudicots: insights from non-coding and rapidly evolving DNA". Organisms, Diversity and Evolution 7 (1): 55–77. doi:10.1016/j.ode.2006.08.001.
4. Soltis, Douglas E.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Endress, Peter K.; Chase, Mark W. (2005). Phylogeny and Evolution of Angiosperms. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. ISBN 9780878938179.
5. Moore, Michael J.; Soltis, Pamela S.; Bell, Charles D.; Burleigh, J. Gordon; Soltis, Douglas E. (2010). "Phylogenetic analysis of 83 plastid genes further resolves the early diversification of eudicots". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107 (10): 4623–8. doi:10.1073/pnas.0907801107. PMID 20176954. Bibcode: 2010PNAS..107.4623M.
6. Based on:
   Stevens, P.F. (2001–2014). "Trees". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved 2014-11-17.
   Stevens, P.F. (2001–2016). "Eudicots". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved 2014-11-17.
7. Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1111/boj.12385.

Bibliograpiya

• Doyle, J.A.; Hotton, C.L. (1991). "Diversification of early angiosperm pollen in a cladistic context". In Blackmore, S.; Barnes, S.H. Pollen and Spores. Patterns of Diversification. Systematics Association Publications. 44. Clarendon Press. pp. 169–195. ISBN 9780198577461.
• Judd, Walter S.; Olmstead, Richard G. (2004). "A survey of tricolpate (eudicot) phylogenetic relationships". American Journal of Botany 91 (10): 1627–44. doi:10.3732/ajb.91.10.1627. PMID 21652313. Archived from the original on 2009-08-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20090808231456/http://www.amjbot.org/cgi/content/full/91/10/1627. Retrieved on 2019-09-09.
• Eudicots in Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 7, May 2006.

Mga panluwas na takod

• Eudicots Archived 2013-06-24 at the Wayback Machine., Tree of Life Web Project
• Dicots Archived 2015-02-24 at the Wayback Machine. Plant Life Forms