এই ভাষাৰ প্ৰমাণ হিচাপে কামৰূপ শিলালিপিত ব্যৱহৃত সংস্কৃত ভাষাৰ প্ৰণালীবদ্ধ ত্ৰুটিত বিদ্যমান।[6] এয়া বিক্ষিপ্ত অপভ্ৰংশ অসমৰ সংস্কৃত, প্ৰাকৃত আৰু কথোপকথনৰ উপভাষাৰ মিশ্ৰণ।[7] ভাষাবিদসকলে দাবী কৰে যে এই অপভ্ৰংশবোৰৰ পৰা আধুনিক অসমীয়া আৰু কমতাপুৰীৰ দৰে বিভিন্ন পূৱ ইণ্ডো-ইউৰোপীয় ভাষাৰ জন্ম হৈছিল।[8]
নাম
এই ভাষা বিভিন্ন নামেৰে জনা যায় য'ত সাধাৰণতে দুটা শব্দ থাকে - উপসৰ্গ যেনে 'কামৰূপী' বা 'কামৰূপ' আৰু প্ৰত্যয় 'উপভাষা', 'অপভ্ৰংশ' আৰু 'প্ৰাকৃত'। সুনীতি কুমাৰ চট্টোপাধ্যায়ে ইয়াক কামৰূপ উপভাষা হিচাপে মগধীৰ উপভাষা বুলি নামকৰণ কৰিছিল আৰু এই ভাষা কামৰূপ ৰাজ্যত কোৱা হৈছিল।[9] সুকুমাৰ সেন আৰু আনসকলে ইয়াক পুৰণি কামৰূপ অঞ্চলত ব্যৱহৃত ভাষা হিচাপে পুৰণি কামৰূপী উপভাষা বুলি কয়।[10][11][12] কিছুমান পণ্ডিতে ইয়াক কামৰূপী অপভ্ৰংশ বুলি অভিহিত কৰে আৰু আন কিছুমানে কামৰূপী ভাষা বা প্ৰাক্-কামৰূপ ভাষা বুলিও কয়।[10][13]
কামৰূপী প্ৰাকৃতৰ আধুনিক উত্তৰসুৰীসমূহ
অপভ্ৰংশ
কিছুমান ভাষাবিদে দাবী কৰে যে মগধী অপভ্ৰংশৰ সলনি কামৰূপী অপভ্ৰংশৰ পৰা অসমীয়া ভাষা, বাংলা ভাষা, ওড়িয়া ভাষা আৰু মৈথিলী ভাষা সৃষ্টি হৈছিল। প্ৰাৰম্ভিক উদ্দেশ্যটো অতিৰিক্ত ভাষিক বিবেচনাৰ পৰা আহে। কামৰূপ এই অঞ্চলৰ আটাইতকৈ শক্তিশালী আৰু দুৰ্ধৰ্ষ ৰাজ্য আছিল যিয়ে কামৰূপী অপভ্ৰংশৰ বিকাশৰ বাবে ৰাজনৈতিক আৰু সাংস্কৃতিক প্ৰভাৱ প্ৰদান কৰিছিল।
৬৪৩ খ্ৰীষ্টাব্দত কামৰূপ ভ্ৰমণ কৰাৰ সময়ত হিউৱেন চাঙে উল্লেখ কৰিছিল যে কামৰূপত প্ৰচলিত ভাষাটো মধ্য ভাৰতত কোৱা ভাষাতকৈ 'অলপ বেলেগ' আছিল।[14] ইয়াৰ পৰা লক্ষ্য কৰিব পাৰি যে এই অপভ্ৰংশ পঞ্চম শতিকাৰ আৰম্ভণিতে বিদ্যমান আছিল।
"On the basis of many such evidences it is claimed that the Assamese language developed not from the Magadhi but from another parallel variety of Prakrit, which deserves to be called the Kamarupi Prakrit." (Sharma 1978, পৃষ্ঠাxxv)
"In this study I refer to the western dialect of Asamiya as Kamrupi, and the historical ancestor of proto-Kamata and proto-Asamiya as proto-Kamrupa." (Toulmin 2006, পৃষ্ঠা14)
"Eastern Magadhi Prakrit has been divided into four dialect groups by scholars like Dr Chatterji. Kamarupa dialect comprising Assamese and the dialects of North Bengal is one of them. So it becomes necessary to see how much Kamrupi is related to North Bengali" (Goswami 1970, পৃষ্ঠা177)
"The Kamta-Asamiya sub-grouping hypothesis was probably first articulated by Grierson (1903). At this point Chaterji (1926) and Kakati (1962) concur with Grierson's diagnosis and the same position is reflected in recent statements like that of Baruah and Masica (2001)." (Toulmin 2006:295)
"... (it shows) that in Ancient Assam there were three languages viz. (1) Sanskrit as the official language and the language of the learned few, (2) Non-Aryan tribal languages of the Austric and Tibeto-Burman families, and (3) a local variety of Prakrit (ie a MIA) wherefrom, in course of time, the modern Assamese language as a MIL, emerged." (Sharma 1978, পৃষ্ঠা0.24-0.28)
কামৰূপ অনুসন্ধান সমিতি, Journal of the Assam Research Society - Volume 18, 1968 P 81 Though Apabhramsa works in Kamrupi Specimens are not available, yet we can trace the prevalence of early Kamrupi Apabhramsa through the window of archaic forms as found in the grants or Copper-plates mentioned above. This sort of Sporadic Apabhramsa is a mixture of Sanskrit, Prakrit and colloquial dialects of Assam.
Sukhabilasa Barma, Bhawaiya, ethnomusicological study,2004 Based on the materials of the Linguistic Survey of India, Suniti Kumar Chattopadhyay has divided Eastern Magadhi Prakrit and Apabhramsa into four dialect groups (1) Radha-the language of West Bengal and Orissa (2) Varendra-dialect of North Central Bengal (3) Kamrupi-dialect of Northern Bengal and Assam and (4) Vanga-dialect of East Bengal.
Suniti Kumar Chatterji,The origin and development of the Bengali language, Volume 1, One would expect one and identical language to have been current in North Central Bengal (Pundra-vardhana) and North Bengal and West Assam (Kamarupa) in the 7th century, since these tracts, and other parts of Bengal, had almost the same speech.
সুকুমাৰ সেন, Grammatical sketches of Indian languages with comparative vocabulary and texts, Volume 1, 1975, P 31, Assamese, or more appropriately the old Kamarupi dialect entered into Kamrup or western Assam, where this speech was first characterized as Assamese.
Choudhary, Abhay Kant (1971), Early Medieval Village in North-eastern India, A.D. 600-1200:Mainly a Socio-economic Study, Punthi Pustak (India), page 253, pages 411 Daka is stated to have belonged to village Lehidangara near Barpeta in the district of Kamrup, and the Dakabhanita, a work in the old Kamarupi dialect, said to have been composed about the 8th century A D.
Rabindra Panth (2004), Buddhism and Culture of North-East India, p.8, p.p 152 it bears a close resemblance to modern Assamese language, the direct offspring of the old Kamarupi dialect.
"This sort of oneness must have helped the growth of a common language which can be termed as Kamrupi Prakrit or Kamrupi Apabhramsa" (Hazarika 1968, পৃষ্ঠা80)
"It is curious to find that according to (Hiuen Tsang) the language of Kamarupa 'differed a little' from that of mid-India. Hiuen Tsang is silent about the language of Pundra-vardhana or Karna-Suvarna; it can be presumed that the language of these tracts was identical with that of Magadha." (Chatterji 1926, পৃষ্ঠা78)