المستوطنات

المستوطنات
المستوطنات
صنف فرعى من	تجمع سكان
التقسيم الادارى	القدس
الارض و السكان
الحكم
التأسيس والسيادة
بيانات تانيه
الموقع الرسمى	الموقع الرسمى
	[[تصنيف: غلط فى قوالب ويكى بيانات\|]]
	تعديل مصدري - تعديل

المستوطنات أو المستعمرات الإسرائيليه ^[1]^[2]^[3] Israeli settlement هيا مجتمعات مدنية يعيش فيها مواطنين إسرائيليين ، بشكل شبه حصرى من الهويه أو العرق اليهودى ، مبنيه على الأراضى اللى تحتلها إسرائيل من الستينيات -حرب الأيام سنة 1967. يعتبر المجتمع الدولى المستوطنات الإسرائيليه مش قانونية حسب القانون الدولى ، ^[4]^[5] رغم أن إسرائيل تعارض ذلك.^[6]

Thumb — مستوطنين إسرائيليون فى مستوطنة عوفرا ، 2012

معلومات سريعة المستوطنات, صنف فرعى من ...

إغلاق

انواع المستوطنات

المدن/ البلدات: أريئيل ، بيتار عيليت ، موديعين عيليت ، معاليه أدوميم .
الضواحى الحضرية زى هار جيلو .
قطع المستوطنات زى غوش عتصيون والمستوطنات فى منطقة نابلس .
القرى الحدودية، زى اللى واقعة على طول نهر الأردن.
بؤر استيطانية ، مستوطنات صغيرة، بعضها مرخص وبعضها غير مرخص، وغالبا ما تكون على قمم التلال. تقرير ساسون ، اللى تم إعداده بتكليف من إدارة أريئيل شارون ، وجد أن شوية وزارات حكومية تعاونت لإنشاء بؤر استيطانية مش قانونية، وصرفت ملايين الدولارات على البنية التحتية.

القدس الشرقيه

يتم تعريف القدس الشرقية فى قانون القدس لسنة 1980 على أنها جزء من إسرائيل وعاصمتها القدس . على ده النحو، يتم إدارتها كجزء من المدينه ومنطقتها، منطقة القدس . يتمتع سكان القدس الشرقية قبل سنة 1967 و أحفادهم بوضع الإقامة فى المدينة، لكن الكتير منهم رفضوا الجنسيه الإسرائيليه. وهكذا، تحافظ الحكومة الإسرائيليه على التمييز الإدارى بين المواطنين الإسرائيليين وغير المواطنين فى القدس الشرقية، لكن بلدية القدس لا تفعل ذلك.

مرتفعات الجولان

تخضع مرتفعات الجولان للإدارة حسب القانون المدنى الإسرائيلى باعتبارها منطقة الجولان الفرعية، هيا جزء من المنطقة الشمالية . ولا تقيم إسرائيل أى تمييز قانونى أو إدارى بين مجتمعات قبل سنة 1967 فى مرتفعات الجولان (معظمها من الدروز ) ومستوطنات ما بعد سنة 1967.

شبه جزيرة سيناء

بعد الاستيلاء على شبه جزيرة سيناء من مصر فى حرب الأيام الستة سنة 1967، اتعمل المستوطنات على طول خليج العقبه وفى شمال شرق سيناء، أسفل قطاع غزة مباشرة.

كان لإسرائيل خطط لتوسيع مستوطنة ياميت علشان تكون مدينة عدد سكانها 200 ألف انسان ، ^[7] رغم أن عدد سكان ياميت الفعلى ماكانش يتجاوز 3000 انسان .^[8] أعيدت شبه جزيرة سيناء لمصر على مراحل ابتداء من سنة 1979 كجزء من معاهدة السلام المصرية الإسرائيلية . وكما هو مطلوب حسب المعاهدة، قامت إسرائيل فى سنة 1982 بإجلاء السكان المدنيين الإسرائيليين من 18 مستوطنة فى سيناء. وفى بعض الحالات تم الإخلاء بالقوة، زى إخلاء ياميت. وبعدها تم تفكيك كل المستوطنات.

قطاع غزه

قبل خطة الانفصال الإسرائيلية الأحادية الجانب واللى تم بموجبها إخلاء المستوطنات الإسرائيلية، كان فيه 21 مستوطنه فى قطاع غزة تحت إدارة المجلس الإقليمى حوف عزة . وتم تخصيص الأرض بطريقة تمكن كل مستوطن إسرائيلى من التصرف فيها بيسوا 400 ضعف الأراضى المتاحة للاجئين الفلسطينيين، و 20 ضعف حجم المياه المسموح بيها للفلاحين فى القطاع.^[9]

مصادر

[1]
Matar, Ibrahim (1981). "Israeli Settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip". Journal of Palestine Studies. 11 (1): 93–110. doi:10.2307/2536048. ISSN 0377-919X. JSTOR 2536048. The pattern and process of land seizure for the purpose of constructing these Israeli colonies...
[2]
Isaac, Jad; Hilal, Jane (2011). "Palestinian landscape and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict". International Journal of Environmental Studies. 68 (4): 413–429. Bibcode:2011IJEnS..68..413I. doi:10.1080/00207233.2011.582700. ISSN 0020-7233. The continuous construction of Israeli colonies and bypass roads all over the Palestinian land...
[3]
Thawaba, Salem (2019). "Building and planning regulations under Israeli colonial power: a critical study from Palestine". Planning Perspectives. 34 (1): 133–146. Bibcode:2019PlPer..34..133T. doi:10.1080/02665433.2018.1543611. ISSN 0266-5433. Moreover in 1995 38,500 housing units were built in Jewish settlements (colonies)...
[4]
Roberts, Adam (1990). "Prolonged Military Occupation: The Israeli-Occupied Territories Since 1967" (PDF). The American Journal of International Law. 84 (1): 85–86. doi:10.2307/2203016. JSTOR 2203016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-02-15. The international community has taken a critical view of both deportations and settlements as being contrary to international law. General Assembly resolutions have condemned the deportations since 1969, and have done so by overwhelming majorities in recent years. Likewise, they have consistently deplored the establishment of settlements, and have done so by overwhelming majorities throughout the period (since the end of 1976) of the rapid expansion in their numbers. The Security Council has also been critical of deportations and settlements; and other bodies have viewed them as an obstacle to peace, and illegal under international law... Although East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights have been brought directly under Israeli law, by acts that amount to annexation, both of these areas continue to be viewed by the international community as occupied, and their status as regards the applicability of international rules is in most respects identical to that of the West Bank and Gaza.
[5]
Barak-Erez, Daphne (2006). "Israel: The security barrier—between international law, constitutional law, and domestic judicial review". International Journal of Constitutional Law. 4 (3): 548. doi:10.1093/icon/mol021. The real controversy hovering over all the litigation on the security barrier concerns the fate of the Israeli settlements in the occupied territories. Since 1967, Israel has allowed and even encouraged its citizens to live in the new settlements established in the territories, motivated by religious and national sentiments attached to the history of the Jewish nation in the land of Israel. This policy has also been justified in terms of security interests, taking into consideration the dangerous geographic circumstances of Israel before 1967 (where Israeli areas on the Mediterranean coast were potentially threatened by Jordanian control of the West Bank ridge). The international community, for its part, has viewed this policy as patently illegal, based on the provisions of the Fourth Geneva Convention that prohibit moving populations to or from territories under occupation.
[6]
Kretzmer, David The occupation of justice: the Supreme Court of Israel and the Occupied Territories, SUNY Press, 2002, ISBN 978-0-7914-5337-7, ISBN 978-0-7914-5337-7, page 83
[7]
The Arab–Israeli Dilemma (Contemporary Issues in the Middle East), Syracuse University Press; 3rd edition (August, 1985 ISBN 978-0-8156-2340-3
[8]
"Kintera.org—The Giving Communities". Archived from the original on 1 March 2006. Retrieved 10 April 2006.
[9]
Jean-Pierre Filiu, Gaza: A History, Oxford University Press, 2014 p. 196.

الضفه الغربيه المستوطنات (2020)

القدس الشرقيه المستوطنات (2006)

مرتفعات الجولان المستوطنات (1992)

[1] [1]
Matar, Ibrahim (1981). "Israeli Settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip". Journal of Palestine Studies. 11 (1): 93–110. doi:10.2307/2536048. ISSN 0377-919X. JSTOR 2536048. The pattern and process of land seizure for the purpose of constructing these Israeli colonies...

[2] [2]
Isaac, Jad; Hilal, Jane (2011). "Palestinian landscape and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict". International Journal of Environmental Studies. 68 (4): 413–429. Bibcode:2011IJEnS..68..413I. doi:10.1080/00207233.2011.582700. ISSN 0020-7233. The continuous construction of Israeli colonies and bypass roads all over the Palestinian land...

[3] [3]
Thawaba, Salem (2019). "Building and planning regulations under Israeli colonial power: a critical study from Palestine". Planning Perspectives. 34 (1): 133–146. Bibcode:2019PlPer..34..133T. doi:10.1080/02665433.2018.1543611. ISSN 0266-5433. Moreover in 1995 38,500 housing units were built in Jewish settlements (colonies)...

[4] [4]
Roberts, Adam (1990). "Prolonged Military Occupation: The Israeli-Occupied Territories Since 1967" (PDF). The American Journal of International Law. 84 (1): 85–86. doi:10.2307/2203016. JSTOR 2203016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-02-15. The international community has taken a critical view of both deportations and settlements as being contrary to international law. General Assembly resolutions have condemned the deportations since 1969, and have done so by overwhelming majorities in recent years. Likewise, they have consistently deplored the establishment of settlements, and have done so by overwhelming majorities throughout the period (since the end of 1976) of the rapid expansion in their numbers. The Security Council has also been critical of deportations and settlements; and other bodies have viewed them as an obstacle to peace, and illegal under international law... Although East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights have been brought directly under Israeli law, by acts that amount to annexation, both of these areas continue to be viewed by the international community as occupied, and their status as regards the applicability of international rules is in most respects identical to that of the West Bank and Gaza.

[5] [5]
Barak-Erez, Daphne (2006). "Israel: The security barrier—between international law, constitutional law, and domestic judicial review". International Journal of Constitutional Law. 4 (3): 548. doi:10.1093/icon/mol021. The real controversy hovering over all the litigation on the security barrier concerns the fate of the Israeli settlements in the occupied territories. Since 1967, Israel has allowed and even encouraged its citizens to live in the new settlements established in the territories, motivated by religious and national sentiments attached to the history of the Jewish nation in the land of Israel. This policy has also been justified in terms of security interests, taking into consideration the dangerous geographic circumstances of Israel before 1967 (where Israeli areas on the Mediterranean coast were potentially threatened by Jordanian control of the West Bank ridge). The international community, for its part, has viewed this policy as patently illegal, based on the provisions of the Fourth Geneva Convention that prohibit moving populations to or from territories under occupation.

[:0-6] [6]
Kretzmer, David The occupation of justice: the Supreme Court of Israel and the Occupied Territories, SUNY Press, 2002, ISBN 978-0-7914-5337-7, ISBN 978-0-7914-5337-7, page 83

[7] [7]
The Arab–Israeli Dilemma (Contemporary Issues in the Middle East), Syracuse University Press; 3rd edition (August, 1985 ISBN 978-0-8156-2340-3

[8] [8]
"Kintera.org—The Giving Communities". Archived from the original on 1 March 2006. Retrieved 10 April 2006.

[9] [9]
Jean-Pierre Filiu, Gaza: A History, Oxford University Press, 2014 p. 196.

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