Kephale (Byzantine Empire)

Medieval Academy of America. Alexander A. Vasiliev, History of the Byzantine Empire, Vol 2. 324–1453, second edition (Madison: University of Wisconsin

counterposed to 'foreigner', 'barbarian', 'infidel'. The citizens of the Empire, now predominantly of Greek ethnicity and language, were often called simply

" In Daily Life in the Byzantine Empire. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006. pp. 7 Paul Stephenson. "Translations from Byzantine Sources: The Imperial Centuries

إمبراطورية أبرشية رومانية مقاطعة رومانية إكسرخسية كويستورا إكسرخسية رافينا إكسرخسية قرطاج Middle بند Kleisourai Bandon Catepanates Late Kephale Despotates

الإمبراطور، مسؤولًا عن الغرب. Ostrogorsky، George (1997). History of the Byzantine State. Rutgers University Press. ص. 29–30. ISBN:978-0-8135-1198-6. مؤرشف