كارل هاينز شتوكهاوزن (بالألمانية: Karlheinz Stockhausen) (تُلفظ بالألمانية: [kaʁlˈhaɪnts ˈʃtɔkhaʊzn̩]; 22 أغسطس 1928 – 5 ديسمبر 2007) ملحن ألماني، يعده الكثيرون من النقاد أحد أهم الملحنين (باريت 1988,45؛ هارفي 1975b، 705؛ هوبكنز 1972,33؛ كلين 1968، 117) وأكثرهم جدلاً (باور 1990، 30) في القرن العشرين وأوائل القرن الحادي والعشرين. ويطلق عليه أحد النقاد «أحد أعظم موسيقيي القرن العشرين أصحاب الرؤى» (هيويت 2007). وهو معروف بأعماله الرائدة في الموسيقى الإلكترونية، والعفوية (العفوية المنظمة) في التلحين بالمصفوفات، والحيز (spatialization) الموسيقي.
معلومات سريعة كارلهاينز شتوكهاوزن, (بالألمانية: Karlheinz Stockhausen) ...
إغلاق
وقد درس شتوكهاوزن في جامعة كولونيا للموسيقى وجامعة كولونيا، كما درس بعد ذلك مع أوليفييه ميسيان في باريس، ومع فيرنر ماير-إيبلير في جامعة بون. وبصفته من الشخصيات الرائدة في مدرسة دارمشتات، مازالت ألحانه ونظرياته ذات تأثير كبير، ليس فقط على مؤلفي الموسيقى الفنية، ولكن أيضًا على الجاز والموسيقى الشائعة. وتبتعد أعمال شتوكهاوزن، التي وضعها على مدار فترة تقترب من ستين عامًا، دائمًا عن الأنماط التقليدية. وبالإضافة إلى الموسيقى الإلكترونية، مع وبدون مغنين، تتنوع هذه الأعمال بين مصغرات لصناديق الموسيقى (musical box) وأعمال لآلاتٍ فردية، وأغانٍ، وموسيقى الحجرة، وموسيقى الجوقة، والموسيقى الأوركسترالية، وحتى دورة من سبعة عروض أوبرالية كاملة. وتصل أعماله النظرية وغيرها إلى عشرة مجلدات كبيرة. وقد حصل شتوكهاوزن على العديد من الجوائز والأوسمة عن ألحانه، وتسجيلاته، والأرقام القياسية التي حققتها شركته للنشر.
ومن أهم أعمال شتوكهاوزن الجديرة بالذكر مجموعة من تسع عشرة مقطوعة تحمل اسم مقطوعات البيانو (Klavierstücke)، وكونترا-بونكتي (Kontra-Punkte) لعشر آلات، وأغاني الشباب (Gesang der Jünglinge) التي تنتمي إلى الموسيقى المصنّعة، ومجموعات (Gruppen) لثلاث أوركسترات، والعزف الإيقاعي المنفرد الدائرة (Zyklus)، والوصلات (Kontakte)، وغنائية اللحظات (Momente)، والمقطوعة الإلكترونية الحية الميكروفون الأولى (Mikrophonie)، والأناشيد الوطنية (Hymnen)، والتناغم (Stimmung) لستة منشدين، ومن وحي الأيام السبعة (Aus den sieben Tagen)، ومانترا والتي تُعزف بجهازي بيانو وبعض الأدوات الإلكترونية، والأبراج (الأبراج)، والابتهالات (Inori)للعازفين المنفردين والأوركسترا، ودورة الأوبرا الضخمة الضوء (Licht).
وقد توفي شتوكهاوزن نتيجة فشل مفاجئ في القلب عن عمرٍ يناهز 79 عامًا، في 5 من ديسمبر 2007م في منزله في كيرتن (Kürten) بألمانيا.
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