Adolphe Napoleon Didron (1806–1867), Anton Heinrich Springer (1825–1891) en ÉmileMâle ontwikkel, almal spesialiste in Christelike kuns, wat op daardie tydstip
frescos in Sweden Timeline of Italian artists to 1800 Stokstad (2005), 516. ÉmileMâle, The Gothic Image, Religious Art in France of the Thirteenth Century,