Ṯāʾ
Arabic letter representing [θ] / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Ṯāʾ (ث) is one of the six letters the Arabic alphabet added to the twenty-two from the Phoenician alphabet (the others being ḫāʾ, ḏāl, ḍād, ẓāʾ, ġayn). In Modern Standard Arabic it represents the voiceless dental fricative [θ], also found in English as the "th" in words such as "thank" and "thin". In Persian, Urdu, and Kurdish it is pronounced as s as in "sister" in English. Ṯāʾ, along those with the letter shīn, are the only two surviving Arabic letters with three dots above. In most European languages, it is mostly romanized as the digraph th. In other languages, such as Indonesian, this Arabic letter is often romanized as ts and Ṡ.
Ṯāʾ | |
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Arabic | ث |
Phonemic representation | θ (t, s) |
Position in alphabet | 23 |
Numerical value | 500 |
Alphabetic derivatives of the Phoenician |
Ṯāʾ | |
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ث | |
Usage | |
Writing system | Arabic script |
Type | Abjad |
Language of origin | Arabic language |
Sound values | θ |
Alphabetical position | 4 |
History | |
Development |
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Other | |
Writing direction | Right-to-left |
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
The most common transliteration in English is "th", e.g. Ethiopia (إثيوبيا), thawb (ثوب).
In name and shape, it is a variant of tāʾ (ت). Its numerical value is 500 (see Abjad numerals).
The Arabic letter ث is named ثَاءْ ṯāʾ. It is written in several ways depending in its position in the word:
Position in word | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
---|---|---|---|---|
Glyph form: (Help) |
ث | ـث | ـثـ | ثـ |
In contemporary spoken Arabic, pronunciation of ṯāʾ as [θ] is found in the Arabian Peninsula, Iraqi, and Tunisian and other dialects and in highly educated pronunciations of Modern Standard and Classical Arabic. Pronunciation of the letter varies between and within the various varieties of Arabic: while it is consistently pronounced as the voiceless dental plosive [t] in Maghrebi Arabic (except Tunisian and eastern Libyan), on the other hand in the Arabic varieties of the Mashriq (in the broad sense, including Egyptian, Sudanese and Levantine) and Hejazi Arabic, it is pronounced as the sibilant voiceless alveolar fricative [s] in loanwords from Literary Arabic.
When representing this sound in transliteration of Arabic into Hebrew, it is written as ת׳.