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High-explosive anti-tank
Type of shaped charge explosive / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
High-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) is the effect of a shaped charge explosive that uses the Munroe effect to penetrate heavy armor. The warhead functions by having an explosive charge collapse a metal liner inside the warhead into a high-velocity shaped charge jet; this is capable of penetrating armor steel to a depth of seven or more times the diameter of the charge (charge diameters, CD). The shaped charge jet armor penetration effect is purely kinetic in nature; the round has no explosive or incendiary effect on the armor.
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As they rely on the kinetic energy of the shaped charge jet for their penetration performance, HEAT warheads do not have to be delivered with high velocity, as an armor-piercing round does. Thus they can be fired by lower-powered weapons that generate less recoil.
The performance of HEAT weapons has nothing to do with thermal effects, with HEAT being simply an acronym.