Antonio José de Sucre
President of Peru and Bolivia (1795–1830) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Antonio José de Sucre y Alcalá (Spanish pronunciation: [anˈtonjo xoˈse ðe ˈsukɾej alkaˈla] ⓘ; 3 February 1795 – 4 June 1830), known as the "Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho" (English: "Grand Marshal of Ayacucho"), was a Venezuelan general and politician who served as the president of Bolivia from 1825 to 1828. A close friend and associate of Simón Bolívar, he was one of the primary leaders of South America's struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire.
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Antonio José de Sucre | |
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2nd President of Bolivia | |
In office 29 December 1825 – 18 April 1828[lower-alpha 1] | |
Preceded by | Simón Bolívar |
Succeeded by | José María Pérez de Urdininea (acting) |
Supreme Military Chief of Peru | |
In office 23 June 1823 – 17 July 1823 | |
Preceded by | José de la Riva Agüero |
Succeeded by | José Bernardo de Tagle |
Personal details | |
Born | Antonio José de Sucre y Alcalá (1795-02-03)3 February 1795 Cumaná, Captaincy General of Venezuela, Spanish Empire (now Cumaná, Venezuela) |
Died | 4 June 1830(1830-06-04) (aged 35) Outside Pasto, New Granada (now Arboleda, Colombia) |
Manner of death | Assassination by gunshots |
Resting place | Cathedral of Quito |
Spouse | Maríana de Carcelén y Larrea, Marquise of Solanda |
Children | Teresa Sucre y Carcelén |
Honorary title | Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho |
Signature | |
Born to an aristocratic family in Cumaná, Sucre joined the revolt against Spanish rule in 1814 and quickly established himself as a highly capable military leader. In 1822, he led the Patriot forces to triumph at the Battle of Pichincha and liberated Quito, from which modern Ecuador would eventually emerge. As Bolívar's chief lieutenant, he went on to score a decisive victory over the Spanish Royalist army at the Battle of Ayacucho in 1824, which effectively secured the independence of Peru. Afterwards he moved into Upper Peru, pacified the Royalist resistance and set up an administration on Bolívar's orders. The region achieved independence as the Bolivia, and Sucre was inaugurated as president of the new republic after Bolívar passed on the duty.
Sucre's tenure as president was beset by difficulties, and opposition to his rule mounted as the populace turned against Bolívar and his followers. He was forced to resign in 1828, but was recalled to military duty on the outbreak of the Gran Colombia–Peru War, in which he commanded Colombian forces and fought the Peruvian invaders to a standstill. He was assassinated in Berruecos, Colombia in 1830, and the identity of the conspirators remains a subject of historical speculation.