Adil Shahi dynasty
Ruling dynasty of Sultanate of Bijapur / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Sultanate of Bijapur was an early modern kingdom in the western Deccan and South India, ruled by its reigning dynasty of the Adil Shahi or Adilshahi.[6] Bijapur had been a taraf (province) of the Bahmani Sultanate prior to its independence and before its political decline in the last quarter of the 15th century and eventual break-up in 1518. It was a member of the Deccan Sultanates, the collective name of the five successor states of the Bahmani Sultanate. The Bijapur Sultanate was fully absorbed into the Mughal Empire on 12 September 1686, after its conquest by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.[7]
A request that this article title be changed to Sultanate of Bijapur is under discussion. Please do not move this article until the discussion is closed. |
Sultanate of Bijapur | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1490–1686 | |||||||||||||||||
Capital | Bijapur | ||||||||||||||||
Common languages | Persian (official) | ||||||||||||||||
Religion |
| ||||||||||||||||
Government | Monarchy | ||||||||||||||||
Sultan | |||||||||||||||||
• 1490–1510 | Yusuf Adil Shah | ||||||||||||||||
• 1510–1534 | Ismail Adil Shah | ||||||||||||||||
• 1534 | Mallu Adil Shah | ||||||||||||||||
• 1534–1558 | Ibrahim Adil Shah I | ||||||||||||||||
• 1558–1579 | Ali Adil Shah I | ||||||||||||||||
• 1580–1627 | Ibrahim Adil Shah II | ||||||||||||||||
• 1627–1656 | Mohammed Adil Shah | ||||||||||||||||
• 1656–1672 | Ali Adil Shah II | ||||||||||||||||
• 1672–1686 | Sikandar Adil Shah | ||||||||||||||||
Historical era | Early modern | ||||||||||||||||
• Established | 1490 | ||||||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1686 | ||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
Today part of | India |
The founder of the Sultanate, Yusuf Adil Shah, was appointed governor of the province of Daulatabad by its Bahmani rulers, and later would seize provincial control of Bijapur following the execution of its former tarafdar, Mahmud Gawan, and would shift his sole governorship to be that of Bijapur. In 1490, he would create a de facto independent Bijapur state, before becoming formally independent with the Bahmanis' collapse in 1518.
The Bijapur Sultanate's borders changed considerably throughout its history. Its northern boundary remained relatively stable, straddling contemporary Southern Maharashtra and Northern Karnataka. The Sultanate expanded southward, first with the conquest of the Raichur Doab following the defeat of the Vijayanagara empire at the Battle of Talikota in 1565. Later campaigns, notably during the reign of Mohammed Adil Shah (r. 1627–1656), extended Bijapur's formal borders and nominal authority as far south as Bangalore. Bijapur was bounded on the west by the Portuguese state of Goa and on the east by the Sultanate of Golconda, ruled by the Qutb Shahi dynasty.
The former Bahmani provincial capital of Bijapur remained the capital of the Sultanate throughout its existence. After modest earlier developments, Ibrahim Adil Shah I and Ali Adil Shah I (r. 1558–1579) remodelled Bijapur, providing the citadel and city walls, congregational mosque, core royal palaces and major water supply infrastructure. Their successors, Ibrahim Adil Shah II (r. 1579–1627), Mohammed Adil Shah (r. 1627–1656) and Ali Adil Shah II (r. 1656–1672), further adorned Bijapur with palaces, mosques, a mausoleum and other structures, considered to be some of the finest examples of Deccani and Indo-Islamic architecture.
Incessant conflicts with the Sultanate's neighbours curtailed the development of the Bijapur state. The Deccan Sultanates allied to achieve victory over Vijayanagara at Talikota in 1565. The state would further expand through its conquest of the neighbouring Bidar Sultanate in 1619. The Sultanate was thereafter relatively stable, although it was damaged by the revolt of Shivaji, who would found an independent Maratha Kingdom which went on to become the Maratha Confederacy. The greatest threat to Bijapur's security was, from the late 16th century, the expansion of the Mughal Empire into the Deccan. Although it was the case that the Mughals destroyed the Adilshahi, it was Shivaji's revolt which weakened the Adilshahi control. Various agreements and treaties imposed Mughal suzerainty on the Adil Shahs, by stages, until Bijapur's formal recognition of Mughal authority in 1636. The demands of their Mughal overlords sapped the Adil Shahs of their wealth until the Mughal conquest of Bijapur in 1686.