IsiThununu
INguxa enekhono lokugununda imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuhleleleka / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Isithununu siyinguxa- ehleleliseka ngesiCikizi- ekwazi ukugununda uchunge lwemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ngokuhleleleka. Isithununu singalawulwa ngesiLekeleli esingaphandle kwaso, noma silawulwe isiLekeleli esifakwe ngaphakathi kuso. Izithununu zingakhiwa zifane nommomo womuntu, kodwa iningi lezithununu ziyizinguxa zokwenza imisebenzi, eziklanyelwe ukugxila kwezikwenzayo, kunokuba ezinombalazi oncomekayo.
Izithununu zingaba ngezihlelekiwe noma ezihlelelekwe kancane futhi zihluka kusuka kwezisamuntu ezifana nesakwaHonda esibizwa uASIMO noma esakwa-TOSY esibizwa TOPIO, kuya kuzithununu zezimboni, izithununu zokuhlinza, izithununu ezisiza iziguli, izithununu zokwelapha izinja, izithununu eziwuswebezane oluhleleliswe ndawonye, izindongoyi kanye nezithununu ezincane kakhulu. Ngokulingisa ummomo wento ephilayo noma iminyakazo eyinhleleleko, isithununu singadlulisa umuzwa wokuba nobuhlakani noma imicabango ngokwaso. Izinto ezinenhleleleko zilindeleke ukuba zande esikhathini esizayo, lapho izithununu zasendlini kanye nezimoto ezinehleleleko kuzoba yizo eziholayo.
Isigaba sezobuchwepheshe esibhekene nokuklanywa, ukwakhiwa, ukugidinga, nokusebenza kwezithununu, kanye nezinhlelo zesiCikizi zokuzilawula, ukubika kweziNzwi, kanye nokucubungula ukwaziswa sibizwa ngokuthi ezeziThununu. Lobubuchwepheshe bubhekene nezinguxa ezihlelelekiwe nezingathatha isikhundla sabantu ezimweni eziyingozi noma ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza, noma zifuze abantu ngommomo, ukucondoza, noma ukuqonda. Iningi lezithununu zanamuhla zivele ngenxa yokunikela kwemvelo emkhakheni wezobuthununu obu-bio-inspired. Lezi zithununu sezidale isigaba esisha sezobuthununu: ezobuthununu ezithambile.
Kusuka ngesikhathi sempucuko yasendulo, bekunemibiko yezilekeleli ezihlelelekelwe ukuhlelwa ozisebenzisayo kanye nezihlelelekwa ezifuze abantu noma ezinye izilwane, ngokuyinhloko eziklanyelwe ukunandisa. Njengoba ubunyoninco bezinguba buthuthuka ngesikhathi seminyaka yezimboni, kwavela izinsebenziso zokwenza ezifana nezinguxa ezihlelelekiwe, izilawuli buqamama nezilawuli buqamama ezingenantambo.
Igama elithi "isithununu" liqhamuka kwelesizulu elisho 'umuntu uyisigqila, obukelwa phansi, ongathathwa njengomuntu.'
Isithununu sokuqala sesimanje sezezibhangqiwe futhi esihlelelisekayo saqanjwa nguGeorge Devol ngowe-1954.
Izithununu sezithathe isikhundla sabantu ekwenzeni imisebenzi ephindaphindayo neyingozi leyo abantu abangayithandi, noma leyo abahluleka ukuyenza ngenxa yemikhawulo yobungako, noma eyenzelwa ezimweni ezibucayi njengasemkhathini noma ekujuleni kolwandle. Kunezikhalazo mayelana nokwanda kokusetshenizswa kwezithununu nendima yazo emphakathini. Kugxekwa izithununu ngokukhuphuka kokungaqashwa kwezobuchwepheshe njengoba zithathele abantu imisebenzi. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithununu empini nakho kuphakamisa izikhalazo zemicondozo. Amathuba wokuzimela nezishayo ezingase zibe khona sekuye kwaphathwa ezinganekweni futhi kungaba izikhalazo zangempela ngomuso.