User:Mr. Ibrahem/Stress incontinence
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Stress incontinence is a form of urinary incontinence in which their is involuntary leakage of urine with normal activities such as coughing or exercise.[2][4] Quality of life may be negatively effected.[1] It may occur together with urge incontinence, which is known as mixed incontinence.[2]
Stress incontinence | |
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Other names | Stress urinary incontinence (SUI), effort incontinence |
Pelvic floor | |
Specialty | Urology, gynaecology |
Risk factors | Pregnancy, childbirth, obesity, treatment for prostate cancer[1][2][3] |
Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms, examination, cough stress test, the amount of urine remaining after urination, urinalysis[1] |
Treatment | Pelvic floor exercises, pessary, medication, injections around the urethra, surgery[4] |
Medication | Phenylpropanolamine, estrogen[2][4] |
Frequency | ~35% of women over 30[2] |
Risk factors include pregnancy, childbirth, obesity, and treatment of prostate cancer.[1][2][3] The underlying mechanism is weakness of the pelvic floor or urethral sphincter at the bladder outlet.[2] Diagnosis may be based on symptoms, examination, cough stress test, measuring the amount of urine remaining after urination, and urinalysis.[1]
Stress incontinence may be treated with pelvic floor exercises, a pessary, medications, injections around the urethra, or surgery.[4] Pelvic floor exercises are effective in about 60% of women at one year, while surgery is effective in about 85% of women.[2][5] Medications that may be used include phenylpropanolamine and after menopause estrogen.[2][4]
Stress incontinence is the most common type of incontinence.[4] It affects about 24% to 45% of women over 30 years.[2] About half of pregnant women are affected; however, symptoms generally resolve within a year of delivery.[1] Younger women may also be affected.[4]