User:Mr. Ibrahem/Cerebral hypoxia
Oxygen shortage of the brain / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cerebral hypoxia is reduced oxygen supply to the brain; despite adequate blood flow.[1] In contrast "anoxia" is the complete lack of oxygen.[2] Symptoms may vary from poor judgement, memory loss, and poor coordination to coma, seizure, and brain death.[1]
Cerebral hypoxia | |
---|---|
Other names | Anoxic brain injury, hypoxic brain injury, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy |
Arteries beneath brain, Circle of Willis | |
Specialty | Critical care medicine |
Symptoms | Poor judgement, memory loss, poor coordination, coma, seizure, brain death[1] |
Causes | Cardiac arrest, drowning, strangulation, choking, suffocation, head trauma, carbon monoxide poisoning, severe anemia, drug overdose, low blood pressure, complications of general anesthesia[1][2] |
Differential diagnosis | Epidural bleed, ischemic stroke, post ictal state, traumatic brain injury, subdural bleed[2] |
Treatment | Depends on underlying cause, supportive care[1] |
Prognosis | Often poor[2] |
Frequency | >50% post cardiac arrest[2] |
Potential causes include cardiac arrest, drowning, strangulation, choking, suffocation, head trauma, carbon monoxide poisoning, severe anemia, drug overdose, low blood pressure, and complications of general anesthesia.[1][2] Injury to the brain, known as hypoxic brain injury or hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), can occur within minutes and be permanent.[2][3]
Treatment depends on the underlying cause, but is generally supportive in nature.[1] This may include mechanical ventilation, intravenous fluids, medications to decrease seizures, and medications to support blood pressure.[1] Outcomes depend on the degree of brain damage and may not be clear for 72 hours.[1][2] Of those in a coma, about 30% regain consciousness, 10% remain in a coma, and 60% die.[2] Of those who regain consciousness, movement disorders and cognitive dysfunction are common.[2]
Hypoxic brain injury affects more than half of people who have a cardiac arrest.[2] When it occurs around the time of birth, known as birth asphyxia, it may result in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.[4] This affects about 1.5 per 1,000 live births in the developing world.[5] In the developing world rates vary from 2 to 27 per 1,000 live births.[6]