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Diphenhydramine (/ˌdaɪfɛnˈhaɪdrəmiːn/; abbreviated DPH, sometimes DHM) is a first-generation antihistamine possessing anticholinergic, antitussive, antiemetic, and sedative properties that is mainly used to treat allergies. It is also used in the management of drug-induced parkinsonism and other extrapyramidal symptoms. The drug has a strong hypnotic effect and is FDA-approved as a non-prescription sleep aid, especially in the form of diphenhydramine citrate. It is produced and marketed under the trade name Benadryl by McNeil-PPC (a division of Johnson & Johnson) in the U.S., Canada and South Africa (trade names in other countries include Dimedrol and Daedalon). It is also available as a generic or store brand medication.
Quick Facts Clinical data, Trade names ...
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Trade names | Benadryl, Unisom, Sominex |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a682539 |
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Dependence liability | Very low |
Routes of administration | Oral, parenteral (IM and IV), topical, suppository |
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Bioavailability | 40–60%[1] |
Protein binding | 98–99% |
Metabolism | Various cytochrome P450 liver enzymes: CYP2D6 (80%), 3A4 (10%)[2] |
Elimination half-life | 8 hours (children)[3] 9 to 12 hours (adults)[3] 17 hours (elderly)[3] |
Excretion | 94% through the urine, 6% through feces[4] |
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Formula | C17H21NO |
Molar mass | 255.355 g/mol g·mol−1 |
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