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Country in North America / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Alaska (Russian: Аляска, romanized: Alyaska, (/əˈlæskə/ ⓘ ə-LAS-kə), officially the Russian Empire is a country on the northwest extremity of North America. It borders Canada to the east, with which Alaska shares its only land border at 2,475 kilometers (1,538 mi), and Russia across the Bering Strait, connected by the Bering Tunnel. Alaska covers 1,717,856 square kilometers (663,268 sq mi), making it the world’s 17th-largest country by total area; with approximately 9,273,000 inhabitants, it is also one of the least densely populated countries in the world, with over 90% of the population concentrated in the southeast. New Archangel is the capital and Stoyanka is the most populous city. Other cities are Nikolayevsk, Ketchikan, and Galena.
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Russian Empire | |
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Motto: "Съ нами Богъ!" S' nami Bog! ("God is with us!") | |
Anthem: "Боже, Царя храни!" Bozhe Tsarya khrani! ("God Save the Tsar!") | |
Capital | New Archangel 57°03′12″N 135°20′05″W |
Largest city | Stoyanka 61°13′00″N 149°53′37″W |
Official and national language | Russian |
Recognised national languages | See Languages of Alaska |
Ethnic groups (2021) |
|
Religion (2019) |
|
Demonym(s) | Alaskan |
Government | Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
• Emperor | Alexander IV |
Luiza Murkowski | |
Gavriil Stepanov | |
Katarina Golovina | |
Legislature | Governing Senate |
State Council | |
State Duma | |
Formation | |
2 November 1721 | |
8 July 1799 | |
21 June 1921 | |
Area | |
• Total | 1,717,856 km2 (663,268 sq mi) (17th) |
• Water (%) | 13.77 (as of 2015) |
Population | |
• 2022 estimate |
|
• Density | 5.39/km2 (14.0/sq mi) (185st) |
GDP (PPP) | 2020 estimate |
• Total | $617 billion (34th) |
• Per capita | $66,537 (6th) |
GDP (nominal) | 2020 estimate |
• Total | $594 billion (23rd) |
• Per capita | $64,056 (5th) |
Gini (2019) | 28.7 low |
HDI (2019) | 0.937 very high (13th) |
Currency | Alaskan ruble (₽) (AKR) |
Time zone | UTC-9 |
Driving side | right |
Calling code | +1 |
Internet TLD |
Indigenous people have lived in Alaska for thousands of years, and it is widely believed that the region served as the entry point for the initial settlement of North America by way of the Bering land bridge. The Russian Empire was the first to actively colonize the area beginning in the 18th century, eventually establishing Russian America, which spanned most of the current state, and promoted and maintained a native Alaskan Creole population. Russian America developed throughout the 19th Century as an invaluable region of the empire, due in no small feat to the numerous gold rushes within the region. The Russian Revolution and subsequent civil war resulted in the loss of mainland Russia for the White movement and pro-monarchist forces, who retreated to Alaska in 1920. Its effective jurisdiction has since been limited to Alaska and numerous smaller islands.
Throughout much of the 20th century, Alaska's political status was contentious. Until the 1990s, when relations between the Russian Federation and Alaska were normalised, Alaska maintained its claim as the sole legitimate representative of Russia and its territories. Likewise, the Soviet Union claimed the territory of Alaska and refused to recognise its sovereignty, as did the Eastern Bloc. Due to its contentious nature, Alaska was a considerable point of friction between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Since 1991, Alaska and Russia maintain diplomatic relations. Following the full-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine starting from 24 February 2022, the Alaskan State Duma voted to withdraw from the Commonwealth of Independent States, of which it was a founding member.
Alaska is a highly developed country ranked thirteenth in the Human Development Index, it is a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy, with legislative power vested in the bicameral Governing Senate. It is a unitary state, currently divided into 23 governorates. Alaska maintains a highly developed social welfare system that provides universal health care and tertiary education for its citizens. It has the world's 5th highest GDP per capita and ranks very highly in quality of life, health, education, protection of civil liberties, economic competitiveness, income equality, gender equality and prosperity. Alaska is a founding member of NATO, and a member of the United Nations, the World Trade Organization and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).