Nikola Pašić
Serbian politician / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Nikola Pašić (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Пашић, pronounced [nǐkola pǎʃitɕ]; 18 December 1845 – 10 December 1926) was a Serbian and Yugoslav politician and diplomat. During his political career, which spanned almost five decades, he served five times as prime minister of Serbia and three times as prime minister of Yugoslavia, leading 22 governments in total. He played an instrumental role in the founding of Yugoslavia and is considered one of the most influential figures in Serbian twentieth-century history. With 12 years in office, Pašić was the longest-serving prime minister of Serbia.[1]
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Nikola Pašić | |
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Никола Пашић | |
4th and 6th Prime Minister of Yugoslavia | |
In office 6 November 1924 – 8 April 1926 | |
Monarch | Alexander I |
Preceded by | Ljubomir Davidović |
Succeeded by | Nikola Uzunović |
In office 1 January 1921 – 28 July 1924 | |
Monarchs |
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Preceded by | Milenko Vesnić |
Succeeded by | Ljubomir Davidović |
In office 1 December 1918 –
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Monarch | Peter I |
Preceded by | Position established |
Succeeded by | Stojan Protić |
9th, 25th, 28th, 31st and 34th Prime Minister of Kingdom of Serbia | |
In office 12 September 1912 – 1 December 1918 | |
Monarch | Peter I |
Preceded by | Marko Trifković |
Succeeded by | Position abolished |
In office 24 October 1909 – 4 July 1911 | |
Monarch | Peter I |
Preceded by | Stojan Novaković |
Succeeded by | Milovan Milovanović |
In office 29 April 1906 – 20 July 1908 | |
Monarch | Peter I |
Preceded by | Sava Grujić |
Succeeded by | Petar Velimirović |
In office 10 December 1904 – 28 May 1905 | |
Monarch | Peter I |
Preceded by | Sava Grujić |
Succeeded by | Ljubomir Stojanović |
In office 23 February 1891 – 22 August 1892 | |
Monarch | Alexander I |
Preceded by | Sava Grujić |
Succeeded by | Jovan Avakumović |
44th Minister of Army of Kingdom of Serbia | |
In office 22 November 1914 –
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Monarch | Peter I |
Prime Minister | Himself |
Preceded by | Dušan Stefanović |
Succeeded by | Radovije Bojović |
23rd and 29th Mayor of Belgrade | |
In office 30 December 1889 – 14 January 1891 | |
Preceded by | Živko Karabiberović |
Succeeded by | Milovan Malinković |
In office 10 January 1897 – 13 November 1897 | |
Preceded by | Nikola Stevanović |
Succeeded by | Nikola Stevanović |
10th, 27th, 30th and 33rd Minister of Foreign Affairs of Kingdom of Serbia | |
In office 21 March 1892 – 21 August 1892 | |
Monarch | Alexander I |
Prime Minister | Himself |
Preceded by | Mihailo Kr. Đorđević |
Succeeded by | Jovan Avakumović |
In office 8 February 1904 – 29 May 1905 | |
Monarch | Peter I |
Prime Minister | Sava Grujić Himself |
Preceded by | Andra Nikolić |
Succeeded by | Jovan Žujović |
In office 30 April 1906 – 20 July 1908 12 August 1912 – 23 March 1918 | |
Monarch | Peter I |
Prime Minister | Sava Grujić Himself Marko Trifković Himself |
Preceded by | Vasilije Antonić Jovan Jovanović Pižon |
Succeeded by | Milovan Milovanović Mihailo Gavrilović |
Personal details | |
Born | (1845-12-18)18 December 1845 Zaječar, Serbia |
Died | 10 December 1926(1926-12-10) (aged 80) Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes |
Resting place | New Cemetery |
Political party | People's Radical Party |
Spouse | Đurđina Duković |
Children | 3 |
Alma mater | |
Signature | |
Born in Zaječar, in eastern Serbia, Pašić studied engineering in Switzerland and embraced radical politics as a student at the Polytechnical School in Zürich. On his return to Serbia, he was elected to the National Assembly in 1878 as a member of the People's Radical Party, which was formally organised three years later. After the failed Timok Rebellion against the government of King Milan I, he was sentenced to death but narrowly avoided capture and execution. He spent the next six years exiled in Bulgaria. Following Milan's abdication in 1889, Pašić returned to Serbia and was elected president of the National Assembly. A year later he also became mayor of Belgrade. In 1891, Pašić became prime minister for the first time, but was forced to resign the following year.
Following the May Coup and the murder of King Alexander I, Pašić emerged as a leading figure in Serbian politics while the Radical Party established its dominance. He served as prime minister from 1904 to 1905, 1906 to 1908, 1909 to 1911 and finally from 1912 to 1918, as Serbia entered a golden age of economic growth and growing influence on the continental stage. He led Serbia to victory in the Balkan Wars against the Ottomans and Bulgaria, almost doubling the size of Serbian territories. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand brought Serbia to war with Austria-Hungary, sparking the First World War in which the country was overrun by the Central Powers. Pašić led the government in exile in the Greek island of Corfu, where the Corfu Declaration was signed and paved the way for a future state of South Slavs.
In 1918, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes was officially proclaimed, and Pašić was recognised as the de facto prime minister of the new state. Despite his resignation just a month later, he took part in the Paris Peace Conference as the Serbian representative. He served as prime minister on two more occasions, from 1921 to July 1924 and from November 1924 to 1926. During his final tenure, he oversaw the creation of the kingdom's first constitution. He died of a heart attack in late 1926, at age 80. A proponent of populism, nationalism, and political pragmatism, Pašić began his career as a socialist but became a conservative in the 1910s.[2][3][4]