MQM Violence (1994–2016)
Insurrection in Karachi and Hyderabad, Pakistan / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The second MQM insurrection referred to an insurrection by MQM, a political and militant organisation representing Muhajir people which launched an insurrection in 1978 against Sindh government as well as multiple other opponents. This insurrection was suppressed by Pakistan army in the Operation Cleanup. In 1994, after the military's withdrawal, MQM launched another wave of anti-state, sectarian and ethnic violence. Its intensity died down following Operation Lyari and Karachi targeted action. The 2015 Nine-Zero raids saw several key MQM leaders arrested and the beginning of a crackdown on the party.[1] Another crackdown in August 22, 2016 saw the closure party headquarters near 90 Azizabad, Khursheed Memorial Hall, MPA Hostel, and Jinnah Park, the arrest of other MQM leaders and "marked the end of the story for the party founder, Altaf."[2] of In 2016 the Muttahida movement began to fragment, seeing the rise of MQM-Pakistan and other breakaway factions like the Pak Sarzameen Party (PSP), MQM-PIB colony and MQM-Bahadurabad factions. The original faction becoming known as MQM-London.[3][4]
This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. (April 2024) |
Second MQM insurrection | ||||||||
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Part of MQM Militancy | ||||||||
Pakistan Rangers in 2015 when MQM's HQ Nine Zero was getting raided | ||||||||
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Belligerents | ||||||||
MQM Haqiqi |
Sunni Tehreek TTP SSP | |||||||
Units involved | ||||||||
MQM Haqiqi |
Sunni Tehreek TTP SSP | |||||||
Casualties and losses | ||||||||
6000+ killed |
MQM also began to experience deterioration in electoral results. In 2018 PTI was able to win 14 out of 21 of Karachi's National Assembly seats due to MQM's decline, while the PPP was able to secure its first mayoral victory in Karachi in 2023.[1] Another breakaway faction established in 1992, MQM-Haqiqi also saw a decline in popularity, not winning any seats in 2013 and 2015 elections.[5] According to an article in Dawn, the Security Establishment's influence over the MQM has grown significantly.[6] In 2023 PSP and Farooq Sattar Group factions announced their merger into MQM-P,[7] but boycotted 2023 Local Bodies elections, which MQM leader Raza Haroon criticized, stating it "essentially threw the party out of politics for the next four years."[8] In the 2024 General Elections MQM-P was able to win 20 National Assembly seats in Karachi.[9] In an alleged leaked video Sindh Governor and MQM-P leader Kamran Tessori purportedly admitted "We did not get votes in the elections," and considered the real voting bank of MQM to consist of seven NA seats from 2018 general elections.[10]