Wikipedista:Adam Zábranský/Pískoviště/1
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Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15. dubna 1452 Anchiano u Vinci – 2. května 1519 Cloux u Amboise) byl polyhistor italské renesance: malíř, sochař, architekt, hudebník, matematik, inženýr, vynálezce, anatom, geolog, kartograf, botanik a spisovatel. Často je označován za archetypického renesančního člověka, člověka s „neutišitelnou zvědavostí“ a „prudce vynalézavou představivostí“.[1] Je považován za jednoho z nejvýznamnějších malířů všech dob a za člověka z možná nejrozmanitějším talentem, který kdy žil.[2] Podle historičky umění Helen Gardnerové byly rozsah a hloubka jeho zájmů do té doby nevídané a „jeho mysl a osobnost se nám zdají nadlidské a on sám tajemný a vzdálený.“[1]
Narodil se jako nemanželský syn notáře Piera da Vinciho a sedlačky Cateriny ve městě Vinci poblíž Florencie. Byl vyučen v proslulé dílně florentského malíře Andrea del Verrocchio. Počátek své kariéry strávil hlavně ve službě Lodovica Sforzy v Miláně. Později působil v Římě, Bologni a Benátkách, přičemž poslední roky svého života trávil ve Francii v době, který mu věnoval František I. Francouzský.
Leonardo was, and is, renowned[2] primarily as a painter. Among his works, the Mona Lisa is the most famous and most parodied portrait[3] and The Last Supper the most reproduced religious painting of all time, with their fame approached only by Michelangelo's The Creation of Adam.[1] Leonardo's drawing of the Vitruvian Man is also regarded as a cultural icon,[4] being reproduced on items as varied as the euro, textbooks, and T-shirts. Perhaps fifteen of his paintings survive, the small number because of his constant, and frequently disastrous, experimentation with new techniques, and his chronic procrastination.[nb 1] Nevertheless, these few works, together with his notebooks, which contain drawings, scientific diagrams, and his thoughts on the nature of painting, compose a contribution to later generations of artists rivalled only by that of his contemporary, Michelangelo.
Leonardo is revered[2] for his technological ingenuity. He conceptualised a helicopter, a tank, concentrated solar power, a calculator,[5] and the double hull, and he outlined a rudimentary theory of plate tectonics. Relatively few of his designs were constructed or were even feasible during his lifetime,[nb 2] but some of his smaller inventions, such as an automated bobbin winder and a machine for testing the tensile strength of wire, entered the world of manufacturing unheralded.[nb 3] He made important discoveries in anatomy, civil engineering, optics, and hydrodynamics, but he did not publish his findings and they had no direct influence on later science.[6]